Information about quizzes:

• On the date a quiz is given, a die will be thrown by a student in the class.
• Books and notes are put away.
• A question very similar to the chosen published question will be written on the board.
• You have 5 minutes to answer the question.

You will fare better on the quiz if you try working the problems before looking at the solutions. If you don't understand the question or its answer, please get help.

Directions: Consider the following class definition (as presented in class) and then answer the questions below. Because the actual question on the quiz may be different, you are better off understanding your answers by doing them by-hand. Do not bother typing them into a computer.

public class Account {
   int balance;

   Account(int openingBalance) {
      balance = openingBalance;
   }

   public void deposit(int dollars) {
      balance = balance + dollars;
   }

   public boolean withdraw(int dollars) {
      if (balance < dollars)
         return false;
      else {
         balance = balance - dollars;
         return true;
      }
   }

   public boolean transfer (int dollars, Account destination) {
      if (withdraw(dollars)) {
         destination.deposit(dollars);
         return true;
         }
      else
         return false;
   }

   public String toString() {
      return ("$" + balance + ".00");
   }
}

1. What output would be printed as the result of executing the following code?

   Account alice, bob;                             // line 1
   alice = new Account(100);                       // line 2
   alice.deposit(25);                              // line 3
   Terminal.println("Alice has " + alice);
   bob = new Account(100);                         // line 5
   Terminal.println("Bob can withdraw $125.00? " + bob.withdraw(125));
   Terminal.println("Bob can withdraw $25.00? " + bob.withdraw(25));
   Terminal.println("Bob has " + bob);
   Account charlie = alice;                        // line 9
   Terminal.println("Charlie can withdraw $25.00? " + charlie.withdraw(25));
   Terminal.println("Charlie has " + charlie);
   Terminal.println("Alice has " + alice);
   alice.transfer(50, charlie);
   Terminal.println("After transfer...");
   Terminal.println("Charlie has " + charlie);
   Terminal.println("Alice has " + alice);
   

2. During the execution of the code in Problem 1, how many Account reference variables have been (cumulatively) declared after completing execution of lines 1, 2, 3, 5, and 9? (That is, hand simulate the code, and at each numbered line, say how many Account reference variables have been declared up to that point.)

3. During the execution of the code in Problem 1, how many Account objects have been instantiated after completing execution of lines 1, 2, 3, 5, and 9?

4. What would be printed as the result of executing the following code? Explain.

   Terminal.println("This account has " + (new Account(60)));
   

5. In Problem 4, what happens to the Account object created? If we added some code right after that line, would that code be able to use the Account object that was created?

6. What's wrong with the following?

   Account foo;            // line 1
   foo.withdraw(25);       // line 2
   

   Suggest a line that could be added between lines 1 and 2 in order to avoid the error on line 2. (Alternatively, suggest a modification to line 1 that would avoid the problem.)