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xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12154415611636377900jcartier_computer.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="switch.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12154415611636377900jcartier_computer.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12154415611636377900jcartier_computer.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="switch.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12154415611636377900jcartier_computer.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Hospital Cloud Insurance Co Cloud Multi-Cloud Mobile Application Deployment and Optimization Platform Medical Service Administrator doctor medical_admin 5G Carrier SDN" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller …" xmpDM:startTime="2099500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What are the Research Problems for IoT and Smart Cities?" xmpDM:startTime="2099667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of IoT Market Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Smart Grid, Connected home, Smart Health," xmpDM:startTime="2099833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Smart Cities, … Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population," xmpDM:startTime="2099833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GIS, … Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, …" xmpDM:startTime="2099833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICT Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="2099833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of Smart Cities Infrastructure Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Roads, Trains, Buses, Buildings, Parks," xmpDM:startTime="2100000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population, GIS, …" xmpDM:startTime="2100000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, water, … ICT" xmpDM:startTime="2100000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="2100000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Areas of Research for IoT/Smart Cities PHY: Smart devices, sensors giving real-time information Datalink: WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4," xmpDM:startTime="2100267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Broadband: DSL, FTTH, Wi-Fi, 5G, … Routing: Mesh networking, … Analytics: Big-data, data mining, Machine learning, Predictive analytics, …" xmpDM:startTime="2100267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Apps &amp; SW: SDN, SOA, Cloud computing, Web-based collaboration, Social networking, … Applications: Remote health, On-line education, on-line laboratories, …" xmpDM:startTime="2100267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security: Privacy, Trust, Identity, Anonymity, …" xmpDM:startTime="2100267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of Smart Cities Infrastructure Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Roads, Trains, Buses, Buildings, Parks," xmpDM:startTime="2101400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population, GIS, …" xmpDM:startTime="2101400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, water, … ICT" xmpDM:startTime="2101400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="2101400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Areas of Research for IoT/Smart Cities PHY: Smart devices, sensors giving real-time information Datalink: WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4," xmpDM:startTime="2143833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Broadband: DSL, FTTH, Wi-Fi, 5G, … Routing: Mesh networking, … Analytics: Big-data, data mining, Machine learning, Predictive analytics, …" xmpDM:startTime="2143833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Apps &amp; SW: SDN, SOA, Cloud computing, Web-based collaboration, Social networking, … Applications: Remote health, On-line education, on-line laboratories, …" xmpDM:startTime="2143833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security: Privacy, Trust, Identity, Anonymity, …" xmpDM:startTime="2143833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Attack Surface IoT Devices IoT wireless access technology: DECT, WiFi, Z-wave, … IoT Gateway: Smart Phone Home LAN: WiFi, Ethernet," xmpDM:startTime="2216200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Powerline, … IP Network: DNS, Routers, … Higher-layer Protocols Cloud Management Platform: Web interface Life Cycle Management: Booting, Pairing, Updating," xmpDM:startTime="2216200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Things Access Gateway WAN Cloud Users" xmpDM:startTime="2216200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Internet of Harmful Things Ref: http://www.computerworld.com/article/2486502/" xmpDM:startTime="2301933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="security0/worm-may-create-an-internet-of-harmful-things--says-symantec--take-note--amazon-.html" xmpDM:startTime="2301933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Researchers at DEFCON 3, hacked a smart toilet, making it flush incessantly and closing the lid repeatedly and unexpectedly." xmpDM:startTime="2301933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Causing a Denial of Service Attack." xmpDM:startTime="2301933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2301933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON Hacker’s conference Held in Las Vegas every July 20,000+ attendees All anonymous DEFCON 22 - Goons IMG_0562 IMG_0592 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="2340100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.ethicalhacker.net/features/opinions/first-timers-experience-black-hat-defcon" xmpDM:startTime="2340100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2340100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON 2017 Hacking voting machines Hack connected vehicles Hacking the cloud Hacking travel routers Clone RFID in real time Breaking" xmpDM:startTime="2433500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the Uber badge ciphers Counterfeit hardware security devices, RSA tokens Fool antivirus software using AI How to track government spy" xmpDM:startTime="2433500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="planes Break bitcoin hardware wallets DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (2015, 2016) Teaching CIA methods w/o hacking is not sufficient Confidentiality" xmpDM:startTime="2433500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Integrity Authentication" xmpDM:startTime="2433500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend 8: Blockchains Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="2562000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="2562000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Two complete strangers can complete a transaction without a third party" xmpDM:startTime="2562000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding" xmpDM:startTime="2735333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wedding (Cont) Centralized Decentralized Centralized registry Single point of failure Easier to hacked Decentralized No single point of failure Very" xmpDM:startTime="2790900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="difficult to hack" xmpDM:startTime="2790900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Google Trend: Blockchains Countries with most interest in Blockchains: Dec 18, 2016 May 31, 2015 Nov 10, 2013 Apr 22," xmpDM:startTime="2838600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2012 google_trends Jul 2012 Feb 2014 Aug 2015 Mar 2017" xmpDM:startTime="2838600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend: Centralized to Decentralized Trend: Make everything decentralized with no central point of control Two perfect strangers can exchange money," xmpDM:startTime="2893367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="make a contract without a trusted third party Decentralized systems are More reliable: Fault tolerant More secure: Attack tolerant No" xmpDM:startTime="2893367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="single bottleneck Þ Fast No single point of control Þ No monopoly Blockchain is one way to do this among" xmpDM:startTime="2893367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="untrusted multi-domain systems." xmpDM:startTime="2893367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time is a cycle: Distributed vs." xmpDM:startTime="2893367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Centralized debate" xmpDM:startTime="2893367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains How is it done? A singly linked chain of blocks of verified signed transactions is replicated globally on millions" xmpDM:startTime="2979967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of nodes You will have to change millions of nodes to attack/change Who is interested: Banks, Hospitals, Venture Capitalists, …" xmpDM:startTime="2979967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Þ Researchers, students, …" xmpDM:startTime="2979967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples of Centralized Systems Banks: Allow money transfer between two accounts Currency: Printed and controlled by the government Stock Exchanges:" xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Needed to buy and sell stocks Networks: Certificate Authorities, DNS In all cases: There is a central third party to" xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="be trusted Central party maintains a large database of information Þ Attracts Hackers Central party may be hacked Þ affects" xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="millions Central party is a single point of failure." xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can malfunction or be bribed." xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: A." xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narayanan, et al, “Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies,” Princeton University Press, 2016, 304 pp." xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3052733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains For Cities Land titles Vehicle registries Business license Criminal records Passports Birth certificates Death certificates Building permits Gun permits" xmpDM:startTime="3135067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: http://ledracapital.com/blog/2014/3/11/Bitcoin-series-24-the-mega-master-blockchain-list" xmpDM:startTime="3135067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3135067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains for Cities (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="3158967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains For Cities Land titles Vehicle registries Business license Criminal records Passports Birth certificates Death certificates Building permits Gun permits" xmpDM:startTime="3171033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: http://ledracapital.com/blog/2014/3/11/Bitcoin-series-24-the-mega-master-blockchain-list" xmpDM:startTime="3171033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3171033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains for Cities (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="3173667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Networking Applications of Blockchains Multi-Domain Systems: Multiple Cloud Service Providers Multiple cellular providers Multi-Interface devices: WiFi, Cell, Bluetooth, … BGP:" xmpDM:startTime="3188600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP Authentication Globally Centralized Systems: DNS Certificate Authorities Explore blockchains for multi-domain/centralized systems" xmpDM:startTime="3188600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="City-University Partnership Presence of universities is a weak predictor of new educational startups Þ Universities need to connect Universities can" xmpDM:startTime="3197267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="help local government with the technology development, adoption, training, and analytics What Can we (Researchers) Do? Extend our research in" xmpDM:startTime="3197267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to applications that are large scale Develop collaborations for integration of fields Provide proof-of-concepts Provide Open-Source development environment" xmpDM:startTime="3197267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Summary Smart ≠ High-Speed Computation, Smart ≠ Big Data Storage, Smart = Networked Smart Cities research areas are easy via" xmpDM:startTime="3235200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the 7-layer model Research issues in every layer: Sensors, data link, routing, applications, analytics." xmpDM:startTime="3235200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Clouds are getting smaller, Carriers and enterprises moving to clouds, leading to clouds everywhere Þ multi-cloud Our MCAD abstracts/virtualizes the" xmpDM:startTime="3235200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cloud interfaces and allows automated management of security and other policies of multi-cloud applications Cyber security is important for smart" xmpDM:startTime="3235200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cities and blockchains may offer a potential solution to some problems." xmpDM:startTime="3235200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3235200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="City-University Partnership Presence of universities is a weak predictor of new educational startups Þ Universities need to connect Universities can" xmpDM:startTime="3304167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="help local government with the technology development, adoption, training, and analytics What Can we (Researchers) Do? Extend our research in" xmpDM:startTime="3304167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to applications that are large scale Develop collaborations for integration of fields Provide proof-of-concepts Provide Open-Source development environment" xmpDM:startTime="3304167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Networking Applications of Blockchains Multi-Domain Systems: Multiple Cloud Service Providers Multiple cellular providers Multi-Interface devices: WiFi, Cell, Bluetooth, … BGP:" xmpDM:startTime="3308333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP Authentication Globally Centralized Systems: DNS Certificate Authorities Explore blockchains for multi-domain/centralized systems" xmpDM:startTime="3308333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains for Cities (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="3308500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains For Cities Land titles Vehicle registries Business license Criminal records Passports Birth certificates Death certificates Building permits Gun permits" xmpDM:startTime="3308700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: http://ledracapital.com/blog/2014/3/11/Bitcoin-series-24-the-mega-master-blockchain-list" xmpDM:startTime="3308700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3308700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples of Centralized Systems Banks: Allow money transfer between two accounts Currency: Printed and controlled by the government Stock Exchanges:" xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Needed to buy and sell stocks Networks: Certificate Authorities, DNS In all cases: There is a central third party to" xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="be trusted Central party maintains a large database of information Þ Attracts Hackers Central party may be hacked Þ affects" xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="millions Central party is a single point of failure." xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can malfunction or be bribed." xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: A." xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narayanan, et al, “Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies,” Princeton University Press, 2016, 304 pp." xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3308967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains How is it done? A singly linked chain of blocks of verified signed transactions is replicated globally on millions" xmpDM:startTime="3310267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of nodes You will have to change millions of nodes to attack/change Who is interested: Banks, Hospitals, Venture Capitalists, …" xmpDM:startTime="3310267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Þ Researchers, students, …" xmpDM:startTime="3310267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend: Centralized to Decentralized Trend: Make everything decentralized with no central point of control Two perfect strangers can exchange money," xmpDM:startTime="3310667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="make a contract without a trusted third party Decentralized systems are More reliable: Fault tolerant More secure: Attack tolerant No" xmpDM:startTime="3310667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="single bottleneck Þ Fast No single point of control Þ No monopoly Blockchain is one way to do this among" xmpDM:startTime="3310667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="untrusted multi-domain systems." xmpDM:startTime="3310667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time is a cycle: Distributed vs." xmpDM:startTime="3310667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Centralized debate" xmpDM:startTime="3310667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Google Trend: Blockchains Countries with most interest in Blockchains: Dec 18, 2016 May 31, 2015 Nov 10, 2013 Apr 22," xmpDM:startTime="3310967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2012 google_trends Jul 2012 Feb 2014 Aug 2015 Mar 2017" xmpDM:startTime="3310967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wedding (Cont) Centralized Decentralized Centralized registry Single point of failure Easier to hacked Decentralized No single point of failure Very" xmpDM:startTime="3311200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="difficult to hack" xmpDM:startTime="3311200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding" xmpDM:startTime="3311500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend 8: Blockchains Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="3311767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="3311767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Two complete strangers can complete a transaction without a third party" xmpDM:startTime="3311767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON 2017 Hacking voting machines Hack connected vehicles Hacking the cloud Hacking travel routers Clone RFID in real time Breaking" xmpDM:startTime="3312167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the Uber badge ciphers Counterfeit hardware security devices, RSA tokens Fool antivirus software using AI How to track government spy" xmpDM:startTime="3312167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="planes Break bitcoin hardware wallets DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (2015, 2016) Teaching CIA methods w/o hacking is not sufficient Confidentiality" xmpDM:startTime="3312167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Integrity Authentication" xmpDM:startTime="3312167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON Hacker’s conference Held in Las Vegas every July 20,000+ attendees All anonymous DEFCON 22 - Goons IMG_0562 IMG_0592 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="3312633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.ethicalhacker.net/features/opinions/first-timers-experience-black-hat-defcon" xmpDM:startTime="3312633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3312633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Internet of Harmful Things Ref: http://www.computerworld.com/article/2486502/" xmpDM:startTime="3313367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="security0/worm-may-create-an-internet-of-harmful-things--says-symantec--take-note--amazon-.html" xmpDM:startTime="3313367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Researchers at DEFCON 3, hacked a smart toilet, making it flush incessantly and closing the lid repeatedly and unexpectedly." xmpDM:startTime="3313367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Causing a Denial of Service Attack." xmpDM:startTime="3313367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3313367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON Hacker’s conference Held in Las Vegas every July 20,000+ attendees All anonymous DEFCON 22 - Goons IMG_0562 IMG_0592 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="3315067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.ethicalhacker.net/features/opinions/first-timers-experience-black-hat-defcon" xmpDM:startTime="3315067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3315067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON 2017 Hacking voting machines Hack connected vehicles Hacking the cloud Hacking travel routers Clone RFID in real time Breaking" xmpDM:startTime="3315933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the Uber badge ciphers Counterfeit hardware security devices, RSA tokens Fool antivirus software using AI How to track government spy" xmpDM:startTime="3315933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="planes Break bitcoin hardware wallets DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (2015, 2016) Teaching CIA methods w/o hacking is not sufficient Confidentiality" xmpDM:startTime="3315933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Integrity Authentication" xmpDM:startTime="3315933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend 8: Blockchains Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="3316200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="3316200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Two complete strangers can complete a transaction without a third party" xmpDM:startTime="3316200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding" xmpDM:startTime="3316633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wedding (Cont) Centralized Decentralized Centralized registry Single point of failure Easier to hacked Decentralized No single point of failure Very" xmpDM:startTime="3318533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="difficult to hack" xmpDM:startTime="3318533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding" xmpDM:startTime="3404100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend 8: Blockchains Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="3404300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="3404300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Two complete strangers can complete a transaction without a third party" xmpDM:startTime="3404300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON 2017 Hacking voting machines Hack connected vehicles Hacking the cloud Hacking travel routers Clone RFID in real time Breaking" xmpDM:startTime="3404467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the Uber badge ciphers Counterfeit hardware security devices, RSA tokens Fool antivirus software using AI How to track government spy" xmpDM:startTime="3404467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="planes Break bitcoin hardware wallets DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (2015, 2016) Teaching CIA methods w/o hacking is not sufficient Confidentiality" xmpDM:startTime="3404467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Integrity Authentication" xmpDM:startTime="3404467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON Hacker’s conference Held in Las Vegas every July 20,000+ attendees All anonymous DEFCON 22 - Goons IMG_0562 IMG_0592 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="3404633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.ethicalhacker.net/features/opinions/first-timers-experience-black-hat-defcon" xmpDM:startTime="3404633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3404633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Internet of Harmful Things Ref: http://www.computerworld.com/article/2486502/" xmpDM:startTime="3404800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="security0/worm-may-create-an-internet-of-harmful-things--says-symantec--take-note--amazon-.html" xmpDM:startTime="3404800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Researchers at DEFCON 3, hacked a smart toilet, making it flush incessantly and closing the lid repeatedly and unexpectedly." xmpDM:startTime="3404800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Causing a Denial of Service Attack." xmpDM:startTime="3404800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3404800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Attack Surface IoT Devices IoT wireless access technology: DECT, WiFi, Z-wave, … IoT Gateway: Smart Phone Home LAN: WiFi, Ethernet," xmpDM:startTime="3405033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Powerline, … IP Network: DNS, Routers, … Higher-layer Protocols Cloud Management Platform: Web interface Life Cycle Management: Booting, Pairing, Updating," xmpDM:startTime="3405033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Things Access Gateway WAN Cloud Users" xmpDM:startTime="3405033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Areas of Research for IoT/Smart Cities PHY: Smart devices, sensors giving real-time information Datalink: WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4," xmpDM:startTime="3405167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Broadband: DSL, FTTH, Wi-Fi, 5G, … Routing: Mesh networking, … Analytics: Big-data, data mining, Machine learning, Predictive analytics, …" xmpDM:startTime="3405167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Apps &amp; SW: SDN, SOA, Cloud computing, Web-based collaboration, Social networking, … Applications: Remote health, On-line education, on-line laboratories, …" xmpDM:startTime="3405167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security: Privacy, Trust, Identity, Anonymity, …" xmpDM:startTime="3405167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of Smart Cities Infrastructure Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Roads, Trains, Buses, Buildings, Parks," xmpDM:startTime="3405367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population, GIS, …" xmpDM:startTime="3405367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, water, … ICT" xmpDM:startTime="3405367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="3405367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of IoT Market Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Smart Grid, Connected home, Smart Health," xmpDM:startTime="3405567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Smart Cities, … Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population," xmpDM:startTime="3405567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GIS, … Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, …" xmpDM:startTime="3405567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICT Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="3405567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What are the Research Problems for IoT and Smart Cities?" xmpDM:startTime="3405733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of IoT Market Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Smart Grid, Connected home, Smart Health," xmpDM:startTime="3407200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Smart Cities, … Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population," xmpDM:startTime="3407200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GIS, … Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, …" xmpDM:startTime="3407200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICT Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="3407200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 7-Layer Model of Smart Cities Infrastructure Acquisition Interconnection Integration Apps and SW Services Analytics Roads, Trains, Buses, Buildings, Parks," xmpDM:startTime="3468567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Sensors, Cameras, GPS, Meters, Smart phones, … DECT/ULE, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, NFC, … Sensor data, Economic, Population, GIS, …" xmpDM:startTime="3468567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Machine learning, predictive analytics, Data mining, … SDN, SOA, Collaboration, Apps, Clouds Energy, Entertainment, Health, Education, Transportation, water, … ICT" xmpDM:startTime="3468567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security Management" xmpDM:startTime="3468567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Areas of Research for IoT/Smart Cities PHY: Smart devices, sensors giving real-time information Datalink: WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4," xmpDM:startTime="3468700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Broadband: DSL, FTTH, Wi-Fi, 5G, … Routing: Mesh networking, … Analytics: Big-data, data mining, Machine learning, Predictive analytics, …" xmpDM:startTime="3468700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Apps &amp; SW: SDN, SOA, Cloud computing, Web-based collaboration, Social networking, … Applications: Remote health, On-line education, on-line laboratories, …" xmpDM:startTime="3468700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Security: Privacy, Trust, Identity, Anonymity, …" xmpDM:startTime="3468700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Attack Surface IoT Devices IoT wireless access technology: DECT, WiFi, Z-wave, … IoT Gateway: Smart Phone Home LAN: WiFi, Ethernet," xmpDM:startTime="3468833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Powerline, … IP Network: DNS, Routers, … Higher-layer Protocols Cloud Management Platform: Web interface Life Cycle Management: Booting, Pairing, Updating," xmpDM:startTime="3468833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… Things Access Gateway WAN Cloud Users" xmpDM:startTime="3468833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Internet of Harmful Things Ref: http://www.computerworld.com/article/2486502/" xmpDM:startTime="3468967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="security0/worm-may-create-an-internet-of-harmful-things--says-symantec--take-note--amazon-.html" xmpDM:startTime="3468967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Researchers at DEFCON 3, hacked a smart toilet, making it flush incessantly and closing the lid repeatedly and unexpectedly." xmpDM:startTime="3468967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Causing a Denial of Service Attack." xmpDM:startTime="3468967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3468967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON Hacker’s conference Held in Las Vegas every July 20,000+ attendees All anonymous DEFCON 22 - Goons IMG_0562 IMG_0592 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="3469133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.ethicalhacker.net/features/opinions/first-timers-experience-black-hat-defcon" xmpDM:startTime="3469133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3469133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DEFCON 2017 Hacking voting machines Hack connected vehicles Hacking the cloud Hacking travel routers Clone RFID in real time Breaking" xmpDM:startTime="3469300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the Uber badge ciphers Counterfeit hardware security devices, RSA tokens Fool antivirus software using AI How to track government spy" xmpDM:startTime="3469300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="planes Break bitcoin hardware wallets DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (2015, 2016) Teaching CIA methods w/o hacking is not sufficient Confidentiality" xmpDM:startTime="3469300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Integrity Authentication" xmpDM:startTime="3469300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend 8: Blockchains Blockchain is the technology that made Bitcoin secure Blockchain was invented by the inventor of Bitcoin After" xmpDM:startTime="3469667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bitcoin became successful, people started looking into the technology behind Bitcoin and found: Blockchain is the key for its success" xmpDM:startTime="3469667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Two complete strangers can complete a transaction without a third party" xmpDM:startTime="3469667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of a Contract: Wedding" xmpDM:startTime="3469867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wedding (Cont) Centralized Decentralized Centralized registry Single point of failure Easier to hacked Decentralized No single point of failure Very" xmpDM:startTime="3470033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="difficult to hack" xmpDM:startTime="3470033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Google Trend: Blockchains Countries with most interest in Blockchains: Dec 18, 2016 May 31, 2015 Nov 10, 2013 Apr 22," xmpDM:startTime="3470167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2012 google_trends Jul 2012 Feb 2014 Aug 2015 Mar 2017" xmpDM:startTime="3470167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trend: Centralized to Decentralized Trend: Make everything decentralized with no central point of control Two perfect strangers can exchange money," xmpDM:startTime="3470367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="make a contract without a trusted third party Decentralized systems are More reliable: Fault tolerant More secure: Attack tolerant No" xmpDM:startTime="3470367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="single bottleneck Þ Fast No single point of control Þ No monopoly Blockchain is one way to do this among" xmpDM:startTime="3470367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="untrusted multi-domain systems." xmpDM:startTime="3470367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time is a cycle: Distributed vs." xmpDM:startTime="3470367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Centralized debate" xmpDM:startTime="3470367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains How is it done? A singly linked chain of blocks of verified signed transactions is replicated globally on millions" xmpDM:startTime="3470500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of nodes You will have to change millions of nodes to attack/change Who is interested: Banks, Hospitals, Venture Capitalists, …" xmpDM:startTime="3470500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Þ Researchers, students, …" xmpDM:startTime="3470500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples of Centralized Systems Banks: Allow money transfer between two accounts Currency: Printed and controlled by the government Stock Exchanges:" xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Needed to buy and sell stocks Networks: Certificate Authorities, DNS In all cases: There is a central third party to" xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="be trusted Central party maintains a large database of information Þ Attracts Hackers Central party may be hacked Þ affects" xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="millions Central party is a single point of failure." xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can malfunction or be bribed." xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: A." xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narayanan, et al, “Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies,” Princeton University Press, 2016, 304 pp." xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3470667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains For Cities Land titles Vehicle registries Business license Criminal records Passports Birth certificates Death certificates Building permits Gun permits" xmpDM:startTime="3470833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: http://ledracapital.com/blog/2014/3/11/Bitcoin-series-24-the-mega-master-blockchain-list" xmpDM:startTime="3470833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3470833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Blockchains for Cities (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="3471000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Networking Applications of Blockchains Multi-Domain Systems: Multiple Cloud Service Providers Multiple cellular providers Multi-Interface devices: WiFi, Cell, Bluetooth, … BGP:" xmpDM:startTime="3471200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP Authentication Globally Centralized Systems: DNS Certificate Authorities Explore blockchains for multi-domain/centralized systems" xmpDM:startTime="3471200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="City-University Partnership Presence of universities is a weak predictor of new educational startups Þ Universities need to connect Universities can" xmpDM:startTime="3471367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="help local government with the technology development, adoption, training, and analytics What Can we (Researchers) Do? Extend our research in" xmpDM:startTime="3471367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to applications that are large scale Develop collaborations for integration of fields Provide proof-of-concepts Provide Open-Source development environment" xmpDM:startTime="3471367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Summary Smart ≠ High-Speed Computation, Smart ≠ Big Data Storage, Smart = Networked Smart Cities research areas are easy via" xmpDM:startTime="3471533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the 7-layer model Research issues in every layer: Sensors, data link, routing, applications, analytics." xmpDM:startTime="3471533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Clouds are getting smaller, Carriers and enterprises moving to clouds, leading to clouds everywhere Þ multi-cloud Our MCAD abstracts/virtualizes the" xmpDM:startTime="3471533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cloud interfaces and allows automated management of security and other policies of multi-cloud applications Cyber security is important for smart" xmpDM:startTime="3471533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cities and blockchains may offer a potential solution to some problems." xmpDM:startTime="3471533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3471533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Related Papers Deval Bhamare, Mohammed Samaka, Aiman Erbad, Raj Jain, Lav Gupta, H." xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Anthony Chan, &quot;Optimal Virtual Network Function Placement and Resource Allocation in Multi-Cloud Service Function Chaining Architecture,&quot; Computer Communications, Vol." xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="102, April 2017, pp." xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1-16, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/comcom17.htm" xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tara Salman, Raj Jain, &quot;A Survey of Protocols and Standards for Internet of Things,&quot; Advanced Computing and Communications, Vol." xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1, No." xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1, March 2017, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/iot_accs.htm" xmpDM:startTime="3471733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Deval Bhamare, Raj Jain, Mohammed Samaka, Aiman Erbad, &quot;A Survey on Service Function Chaining,&quot; 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