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PRB Data (UE1) Control 20 MHz LTE LTE-M NB-LTE" xmpDM:startTime="1604533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT Several NB-IoT channels/carriers per sector." xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="One anchor carrier used to broadcast system information, control, and shared channels." xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All devices in idle state camp on this anchor carrier." xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can be scheduled to receive/transmit on non-anchor carriers." xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can serve up to 50,000 devices per sector In R13, paging and random access only on anchor carriers In R14," xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="this can be done on non-anchor carriers also." xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R13, two UE power classes: 20 dBm and 23 dBm In R14, one more UE power class with 14" xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm" xmpDM:startTime="1701967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms Extended Idle Mode Discontinuous Reception (eDRX): Normal LTE devices listen to paging every 1.28s" xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in idle state." xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can request to extend this to 5.12s" xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to 43.69" xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minutes." xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If the network accepts, the device can power off for that long without loosing its state including IP address." xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Power Save Mode: LTE devices have to perform periodic tracking area updates." xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can extend this update timer to several days." xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization: NB1 user data can be sent/received in control channels =&gt; No need to schedule user" xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data bearer Non-IP Data Delivery (NIDD): A Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) encapsulates/decapsulates IP packets and sends/receives data without IP" xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="headers to/from NB1 device" xmpDM:startTime="1703667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="1705067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="1705067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="1705067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="1705067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) Enhancement of enhanced Multimedia Multicast Broadcast (eMBMS) eMBMS allows multi-cell broadcasts but requires synchronization among eNBs." xmpDM:startTime="1706167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SC-PTM does not require synchronized networks as in eMBMS Each cell handles it’s own broadcasts." xmpDM:startTime="1706167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used Control information is broadcast on a “single-cell multicast control channel (SC-MCCH)." xmpDM:startTime="1706167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indicates active MBMS sessions and information about each session Data is broadcast on a “Single Cell multicast transport channel (SC-MTCH)." xmpDM:startTime="1706167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R14, SC-PTM was extended to NB-IoT devices" xmpDM:startTime="1706167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="1708100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="1708100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="1708100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="1708100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms Extended Idle Mode Discontinuous Reception (eDRX): Normal LTE devices listen to paging every 1.28s" xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in idle state." xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can request to extend this to 5.12s" xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to 43.69" xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minutes." xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If the network accepts, the device can power off for that long without loosing its state including IP address." xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Power Save Mode: LTE devices have to perform periodic tracking area updates." xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can extend this update timer to several days." xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization: NB1 user data can be sent/received in control channels =&gt; No need to schedule user" xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data bearer Non-IP Data Delivery (NIDD): A Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) encapsulates/decapsulates IP packets and sends/receives data without IP" xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="headers to/from NB1 device" xmpDM:startTime="1717467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="1826400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="1826400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="1826400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="1826400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms Extended Idle Mode Discontinuous Reception (eDRX): Normal LTE devices listen to paging every 1.28s" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in idle state." xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can request to extend this to 5.12s" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to 43.69" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minutes." xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If the network accepts, the device can power off for that long without loosing its state including IP address." xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Power Save Mode: LTE devices have to perform periodic tracking area updates." xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can extend this update timer to several days." xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization: NB1 user data can be sent/received in control channels =&gt; No need to schedule user" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data bearer Non-IP Data Delivery (NIDD): A Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) encapsulates/decapsulates IP packets and sends/receives data without IP" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="headers to/from NB1 device" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT Several NB-IoT channels/carriers per sector." xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="One anchor carrier used to broadcast system information, control, and shared channels." xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All devices in idle state camp on this anchor carrier." xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can be scheduled to receive/transmit on non-anchor carriers." xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can serve up to 50,000 devices per sector In R13, paging and random access only on anchor carriers In R14," xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="this can be done on non-anchor carriers also." xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R13, two UE power classes: 20 dBm and 23 dBm In R14, one more UE power class with 14" xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm" xmpDM:startTime="2025600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) LTE Cat 0 UE receive signaling in the entire 20" xmpDM:startTime="2027767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band LTE-M UEs receive signaling in their 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2027767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band For NB-LTE UEs, signaling is part of the assigned PRB Control Enhanced Control (UE1) Enhanced Control (UE2) Data" xmpDM:startTime="2027767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(UE2) 6 PRB Data (UE1) Control Enhanced Control (UE1) 1 PRB Data (UE1) Control 20 MHz LTE LTE-M NB-LTE" xmpDM:startTime="2027767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT 128 kbps using 180 kHz band = Single PRB of 12 subcarriers (12 tones) Can be in-band," xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in guard-band, or out-of-band using 200 kHz GSM carrier All 3 deployments invisible to non-NB-IoT devices Optionally concentrate power in" xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3.75" xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="kHz tone to allow longer distance transmissions." xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All 12 tones in DL." xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1, 3, 6, or 12 tones in UL." xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2028967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) LTE Cat-NB1 or Category -2 UE also in Release 13." xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Designed for ultra-low cost (&lt;$5), low data rate, high power efficiency, deep in house coverage No handovers while active No" xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="channel measurements No MIMO QPSK or BPSK Single RF Chain =&gt; Half-duplex Data repetition to enable deep in-house coverage 15" xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="uW in idle state, 500 mW in transmitting." xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 5 W-hr battery will last 10 years Most promising IoT protocol." xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Already in use in China." xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Popular in Europe." xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: Hossam Fattah, &quot;5G LTE Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT),&quot; CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3 September 2018, 262 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ISBN 9780429847585" xmpDM:startTime="2030400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-0 vs." xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-M1 Cat - 0 Cat - M 1 Downlink 64 - QAM 16 - QAM Uplink 16 - QAM 16" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="- QAM Bandwidth Full 1.08" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz Peak Rate 1Mbps (DL/UL) FD: 1 Mbps (DL/UL) HD: 300 kbps DL, 375 kbps/UL Power Classes 23 dBm 12" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm, 20 dBm Path loss 140.7" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dB 155.7" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dB" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) LTE Cat-NB1 or Category -2 UE also in Release 13." xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Designed for ultra-low cost (&lt;$5), low data rate, high power efficiency, deep in house coverage No handovers while active No" xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="channel measurements No MIMO QPSK or BPSK Single RF Chain =&gt; Half-duplex Data repetition to enable deep in-house coverage 15" xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="uW in idle state, 500 mW in transmitting." xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 5 W-hr battery will last 10 years Most promising IoT protocol." xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Already in use in China." xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Popular in Europe." xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: Hossam Fattah, &quot;5G LTE Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT),&quot; CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3 September 2018, 262 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ISBN 9780429847585" xmpDM:startTime="2032967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT 128 kbps using 180 kHz band = Single PRB of 12 subcarriers (12 tones) Can be in-band," xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in guard-band, or out-of-band using 200 kHz GSM carrier All 3 deployments invisible to non-NB-IoT devices Optionally concentrate power in" xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3.75" xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="kHz tone to allow longer distance transmissions." xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All 12 tones in DL." xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1, 3, 6, or 12 tones in UL." xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2033033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) LTE Cat 0 UE receive signaling in the entire 20" xmpDM:startTime="2033400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band LTE-M UEs receive signaling in their 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2033400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band For NB-LTE UEs, signaling is part of the assigned PRB Control Enhanced Control (UE1) Enhanced Control (UE2) Data" xmpDM:startTime="2033400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(UE2) 6 PRB Data (UE1) Control Enhanced Control (UE1) 1 PRB Data (UE1) Control 20 MHz LTE LTE-M NB-LTE" xmpDM:startTime="2033400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT Several NB-IoT channels/carriers per sector." xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="One anchor carrier used to broadcast system information, control, and shared channels." xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All devices in idle state camp on this anchor carrier." xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can be scheduled to receive/transmit on non-anchor carriers." xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can serve up to 50,000 devices per sector In R13, paging and random access only on anchor carriers In R14," xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="this can be done on non-anchor carriers also." xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R13, two UE power classes: 20 dBm and 23 dBm In R14, one more UE power class with 14" xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm" xmpDM:startTime="2033467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms Extended Idle Mode Discontinuous Reception (eDRX): Normal LTE devices listen to paging every 1.28s" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in idle state." xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can request to extend this to 5.12s" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to 43.69" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minutes." xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If the network accepts, the device can power off for that long without loosing its state including IP address." xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Power Save Mode: LTE devices have to perform periodic tracking area updates." xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can extend this update timer to several days." xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization: NB1 user data can be sent/received in control channels =&gt; No need to schedule user" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data bearer Non-IP Data Delivery (NIDD): A Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) encapsulates/decapsulates IP packets and sends/receives data without IP" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="headers to/from NB1 device" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="2033833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="2033833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="2033833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="2033833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) Enhancement of enhanced Multimedia Multicast Broadcast (eMBMS) eMBMS allows multi-cell broadcasts but requires synchronization among eNBs." xmpDM:startTime="2034367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SC-PTM does not require synchronized networks as in eMBMS Each cell handles it’s own broadcasts." xmpDM:startTime="2034367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used Control information is broadcast on a “single-cell multicast control channel (SC-MCCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2034367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indicates active MBMS sessions and information about each session Data is broadcast on a “Single Cell multicast transport channel (SC-MTCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2034367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R14, SC-PTM was extended to NB-IoT devices" xmpDM:startTime="2034367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="2034800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="2034800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="2034800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="2034800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) Enhancement of enhanced Multimedia Multicast Broadcast (eMBMS) eMBMS allows multi-cell broadcasts but requires synchronization among eNBs." xmpDM:startTime="2065500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SC-PTM does not require synchronized networks as in eMBMS Each cell handles it’s own broadcasts." xmpDM:startTime="2065500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used Control information is broadcast on a “single-cell multicast control channel (SC-MCCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2065500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indicates active MBMS sessions and information about each session Data is broadcast on a “Single Cell multicast transport channel (SC-MTCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2065500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R14, SC-PTM was extended to NB-IoT devices" xmpDM:startTime="2065500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-User Superposition Transmission (MUST) Users are distinguished by power levels Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Users with poor channel condition get" xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="higher power Users with higher power decode their signal treating others as noise Users with lower power subtract the higher" xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="powered signals before decoding." xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can also be used with beamforming and MIMO User 1 subtracts signal of user 2 then decodes User 2 decodes" xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="its signal Considers user 1’s signal as noise Ref: G." xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ding, et al, “Application of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in LTE and 5G Networks,” https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a404/21a9762db528bfe848166765fee43e740c94.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2341700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) Enhancement of enhanced Multimedia Multicast Broadcast (eMBMS) eMBMS allows multi-cell broadcasts but requires synchronization among eNBs." xmpDM:startTime="2343033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SC-PTM does not require synchronized networks as in eMBMS Each cell handles it’s own broadcasts." xmpDM:startTime="2343033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used Control information is broadcast on a “single-cell multicast control channel (SC-MCCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2343033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indicates active MBMS sessions and information about each session Data is broadcast on a “Single Cell multicast transport channel (SC-MTCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2343033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R14, SC-PTM was extended to NB-IoT devices" xmpDM:startTime="2343033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-User Superposition Transmission (MUST) Users are distinguished by power levels Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Users with poor channel condition get" xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="higher power Users with higher power decode their signal treating others as noise Users with lower power subtract the higher" xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="powered signals before decoding." xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can also be used with beamforming and MIMO User 1 subtracts signal of user 2 then decodes User 2 decodes" xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="its signal Considers user 1’s signal as noise Ref: G." xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ding, et al, “Application of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in LTE and 5G Networks,” https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a404/21a9762db528bfe848166765fee43e740c94.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2344400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) Enhancement of enhanced Multimedia Multicast Broadcast (eMBMS) eMBMS allows multi-cell broadcasts but requires synchronization among eNBs." xmpDM:startTime="2352000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SC-PTM does not require synchronized networks as in eMBMS Each cell handles it’s own broadcasts." xmpDM:startTime="2352000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used Control information is broadcast on a “single-cell multicast control channel (SC-MCCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2352000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indicates active MBMS sessions and information about each session Data is broadcast on a “Single Cell multicast transport channel (SC-MTCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2352000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R14, SC-PTM was extended to NB-IoT devices" xmpDM:startTime="2352000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="2352033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="2352033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="2352033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="2352033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms Extended Idle Mode Discontinuous Reception (eDRX): Normal LTE devices listen to paging every 1.28s" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in idle state." xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can request to extend this to 5.12s" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to 43.69" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minutes." xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If the network accepts, the device can power off for that long without loosing its state including IP address." xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Power Save Mode: LTE devices have to perform periodic tracking area updates." xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can extend this update timer to several days." xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization: NB1 user data can be sent/received in control channels =&gt; No need to schedule user" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data bearer Non-IP Data Delivery (NIDD): A Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) encapsulates/decapsulates IP packets and sends/receives data without IP" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="headers to/from NB1 device" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT Several NB-IoT channels/carriers per sector." xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="One anchor carrier used to broadcast system information, control, and shared channels." xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All devices in idle state camp on this anchor carrier." xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can be scheduled to receive/transmit on non-anchor carriers." xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can serve up to 50,000 devices per sector In R13, paging and random access only on anchor carriers In R14," xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="this can be done on non-anchor carriers also." xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R13, two UE power classes: 20 dBm and 23 dBm In R14, one more UE power class with 14" xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm" xmpDM:startTime="2352233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) LTE Cat 0 UE receive signaling in the entire 20" xmpDM:startTime="2352400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band LTE-M UEs receive signaling in their 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2352400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band For NB-LTE UEs, signaling is part of the assigned PRB Control Enhanced Control (UE1) Enhanced Control (UE2) Data" xmpDM:startTime="2352400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(UE2) 6 PRB Data (UE1) Control Enhanced Control (UE1) 1 PRB Data (UE1) Control 20 MHz LTE LTE-M NB-LTE" xmpDM:startTime="2352400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT 128 kbps using 180 kHz band = Single PRB of 12 subcarriers (12 tones) Can be in-band," xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in guard-band, or out-of-band using 200 kHz GSM carrier All 3 deployments invisible to non-NB-IoT devices Optionally concentrate power in" xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3.75" xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="kHz tone to allow longer distance transmissions." xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All 12 tones in DL." xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1, 3, 6, or 12 tones in UL." xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2352433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) LTE Cat-NB1 or Category -2 UE also in Release 13." xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Designed for ultra-low cost (&lt;$5), low data rate, high power efficiency, deep in house coverage No handovers while active No" xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="channel measurements No MIMO QPSK or BPSK Single RF Chain =&gt; Half-duplex Data repetition to enable deep in-house coverage 15" xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="uW in idle state, 500 mW in transmitting." xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 5 W-hr battery will last 10 years Most promising IoT protocol." xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Already in use in China." xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Popular in Europe." xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: Hossam Fattah, &quot;5G LTE Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT),&quot; CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3 September 2018, 262 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ISBN 9780429847585" xmpDM:startTime="2352767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-0 vs." xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-M1 Cat - 0 Cat - M 1 Downlink 64 - QAM 16 - QAM Uplink 16 - QAM 16" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="- QAM Bandwidth Full 1.08" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz Peak Rate 1Mbps (DL/UL) FD: 1 Mbps (DL/UL) HD: 300 kbps DL, 375 kbps/UL Power Classes 23 dBm 12" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm, 20 dBm Path loss 140.7" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dB 155.7" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dB" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE Cat-M1 For machine type communication in Release 13." xmpDM:startTime="2353100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1 Mbps using 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2353100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz = 6 Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) Signaling inside 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2353100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz =&gt; Do not need to listen to 20 MHz All power on fewer subcarriers Þ Power Spectral Density (PSD)" xmpDM:startTime="2353100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Boosting Þ 15 dB reduction in link budget by PSD and repetition Þ Allows UEs in basements and indoors Reduced" xmpDM:startTime="2353100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tx power to 20 dBm Þ integrated amplifier Popular in North America" xmpDM:startTime="2353100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Dual Connectivity Enhancements Dual connectivity was introduced in R12 Allowed only downlink throughput enhancement In R13: Uplink bearer split UE" xmpDM:startTime="2353133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="splits the traffic only if the queue is over a threshold Timing differences between two bears is handled Þ Allows" xmpDM:startTime="2353133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dual connectivity to different operators Traffic steering is supported." xmpDM:startTime="2353133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Local traffic and Selective IP traffic can be directed towards small cell to avoid overloading core network" xmpDM:startTime="2353133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhanced D2D Proximity Services (PROSE) Device-to-Device (D2D) was introduced in R12 In R13: UEs can search multiple PLMNs for “side-link”" xmpDM:startTime="2353467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Out-of-coverage D2D discovery Support for relaying using D2D." xmpDM:startTime="2353467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="L3 relay was defined." xmpDM:startTime="2353467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Public safety personnel can connect to network through other mobiles." xmpDM:startTime="2353467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="eNB eNB (a) (b) (c) First Responders only" xmpDM:startTime="2353467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RAN Sharing Multiple operators can share a radio access network (RAN) Each operator runs a “Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)”" xmpDM:startTime="2353867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Owner operator can put limits on total UL/DL load of sharing PLMNs QoS profile can also be limited as agreed" xmpDM:startTime="2353867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2353867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wi-Fi with IP Flow Mobility Network Based Internet Protocol Flow Mobility (NBIFOM) IP flows can be steered towards PDN or" xmpDM:startTime="2353933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wi-Fi Trusted and untrusted WLAN interfaces have been defined." xmpDM:startTime="2353933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Similar to but different from LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) Even Voice and Video traffic can be sent over Wi-Fi Þ Allows" xmpDM:startTime="2353933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="increased coverage area" xmpDM:startTime="2353933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE-WLAN Aggregation Enhancements LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) was introduced in R12 In R13: LTE_WLAN Radio Level Integration with IPSec tunnel (LWIP)" xmpDM:startTime="2354267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="allows both uplink and downlink traffic to be sent over WLAN RAN Controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (RCLWL) allows eNB to send" xmpDM:startTime="2354267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="traffic steering commands to UE based on UE measurements" xmpDM:startTime="2354267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAA (Cont) End-to-End LTE Þ Better integration than with Wi-Fi Before R13, several different solutions called LTE-U were used." xmpDM:startTime="2354567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="R13 introduced a global standard to include 5 GHz unlicensed band using several 20 MHz channels To coexist with Wi-Fi," xmpDM:startTime="2354567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAA uses Listen before talk Discontinuous transmission on a carrier with limited maximum transmission duration Dynamic frequency selection to avoid" xmpDM:startTime="2354567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="interference with radar systems in some regions Multicarrier transmission across multiple unlicensed channels" xmpDM:startTime="2354567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="License Assisted Access (LAA) 5 GHz band for public hot-spots and in-building Different rules and bands in different countries, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Avoid if a radar is operating Can’t block 20 MHz if using only 180 kHz Transmit only if free." xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Recheck after maximum occupancy time Þ Can not transmit continuously as in standard LTE Carrier aggregation with unlicensed band and" xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="licensed band when possible." xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DL enhancement in R13." xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="UL enhancements in R14." xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5150 5350 5470 5725 5850 USA Europe/Japan China 200 mW or less 1W" xmpDM:startTime="2354633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carrier Aggregation Enhancements CA was introduced in R10 R12 limited to 5 carriers Þ 100 MHz R13 extended to 32" xmpDM:startTime="2354700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="carriers Þ 640 MHz Both FDD and TDD Inter-band and Intra-band Licensed and Unlicensed 64-QAM can be used with carrier" xmpDM:startTime="2354700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="aggregation" xmpDM:startTime="2354700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indoor Positioning FCC requires indoor positioning for E911 x/y location within 50 m by 2021 Provide z location by 2023" xmpDM:startTime="2355133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Position can be determined by: Barometric sensors Wireless LANs Bluetooth beacons Terrestrial beacon system broadcasting signals for positioning, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2355133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Metropolitan Beacon Systems (MBS) R13 supports only standalone mode and UE assisted mode without network assistance are supported." xmpDM:startTime="2355133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Only MBS is supported." xmpDM:startTime="2355133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="R14 introduced advanced techniques using Enhanced Cell-ID and Observed Time Difference of Arrival." xmpDM:startTime="2355133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2355133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Inter-eNB CoMP Coordinated Multipoint Operation (CoMP) in Release 11 was restricted to eNBs connected via ideal backhaul Þ No need" xmpDM:startTime="2355433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for network interfaces In Release 12, a signaling interface has been added which allows eNBs to interchange measurement and resource" xmpDM:startTime="2355433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="allocation information In Release 13, new signaling elements were added eNB eNB" xmpDM:startTime="2355433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Elevation Beamforming Aka 3D-MIMO or Full-dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) Infinite Antennas = Massive MIMO Require appropriately coded Channel State Information Reference" xmpDM:startTime="2355600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="signals (CSI-RS) and Sounding Reference Signals (SRS), and demodulation reference signals (DMRS) 16 Antennas in R13, 32 in R14 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="2355600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="G." xmpDM:startTime="2355600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Xu, et al, “Full-Dimension MIMO: Status and Challenges in Design and Implementation,” May 2014, http://www.ieee-ctw.org/2014/slides/session3/CTW_2014_Samsung_FD-MIMO.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2355600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2355600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Self-Organizing Networks (SON) For AAS based deployments Parameters are now dynamically computed and applied Previous releases had static optimization." xmpDM:startTime="2355633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 13 extended to dynamic optimization eNB can now signal to neighboring cells any changes in configuration Planned changes are" xmpDM:startTime="2355633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="notified in advance to avoid failures" xmpDM:startTime="2355633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Active Antenna Systems (AAS) Antenna + Transceiver combined Þ Active Antenna Allows Active antenna arrays Produce dynamically adjustable radiation patterns" xmpDM:startTime="2355867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="depending upon the current traffic Beam footprint can be adjusted (beamforming) Cell edge can be adapted to load demand Dynamic" xmpDM:startTime="2355867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cell Splitting: Vertical or horizontal sectors and/or Smaller footprints Þ Reduced real-estate costs Software reconfigurations allow easy evolution Allows multi" xmpDM:startTime="2355867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="radio access technologies Allows combining local and wide area technologies" xmpDM:startTime="2355867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 14 Features Enhance Narrowband IoT (eNB-IoT) Enhanced Machine Type Communications (eMTC) Enhanced LWIP (eLWIP) Enhanced LTE-WLAN Aggregation (eLWA) Enhanced" xmpDM:startTime="2356367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="License Assisted Access (eLAA) Enhanced Full-Dimension (eFD) MIMO Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) Multiuser Superposition Transmission (MUST) Layer 2" xmpDM:startTime="2356367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(L2) Latency Reduction Vehicle to Vehicle (V2X) Based on Sidelink Uplink (UL) Capacity Enhancements Light Connection" xmpDM:startTime="2356367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 13 Features Active Antenna Systems (AAS) Self-Organizing Networks (SON) Elevation Beamforming Inter-eNB CoMP Indoor Positioning Carrier Aggregation Enhancements License" xmpDM:startTime="2357400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Assisted Access (LAA) LTE-WLAN Aggregation Enhancements Wi-Fi with IP Flow Mobility RAN Sharing Enhanced D2D Proximity Services (PROSE) Dual Connectivity" xmpDM:startTime="2357400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhancements MTC Enhancements Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM)" xmpDM:startTime="2357400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE Advanced Pro Ref: Rohde &amp; Schwarz, &quot;LTE-Advanced Pro Introduction eMBB Technology Components in 3GPP Release 13/14,&quot; White paper, 50" xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="pp.," xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://cdn.rohde-schwarz.com/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/LTE-Advanced-Pro_Introduction_White_paper_en_5215-8258-52_v0100.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Light Connection eNB-IoT NB-IoT Enh." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DRX PHY enh for MTC Freq enh for MTC L2 Latency Reduction C-V2X D2D enh MTC eIMTA DC D2D CA" xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NAICS CoMP SON eICIC eMBMS MIMO LWIP LAA DC enh LWA CA-enh AAS FD-MIMO eMBBS enh." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="UL Cap." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enh." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="eLWIP MUST eLAA eFD-MIMO eLWA Rel." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 (LTE Adv) Rel." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="13 Rel." xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="14" xmpDM:startTime="2357567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 13 Features Active Antenna Systems (AAS) Self-Organizing Networks (SON) Elevation Beamforming Inter-eNB CoMP Indoor Positioning Carrier Aggregation Enhancements License" xmpDM:startTime="2358067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Assisted Access (LAA) LTE-WLAN Aggregation Enhancements Wi-Fi with IP Flow Mobility RAN Sharing Enhanced D2D Proximity Services (PROSE) Dual Connectivity" xmpDM:startTime="2358067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhancements MTC Enhancements Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM)" xmpDM:startTime="2358067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 14 Features Enhance Narrowband IoT (eNB-IoT) Enhanced Machine Type Communications (eMTC) Enhanced LWIP (eLWIP) Enhanced LTE-WLAN Aggregation (eLWA) Enhanced" xmpDM:startTime="2361733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="License Assisted Access (eLAA) Enhanced Full-Dimension (eFD) MIMO Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) Multiuser Superposition Transmission (MUST) Layer 2" xmpDM:startTime="2361733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(L2) Latency Reduction Vehicle to Vehicle (V2X) Based on Sidelink Uplink (UL) Capacity Enhancements Light Connection" xmpDM:startTime="2361733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Active Antenna Systems (AAS) Antenna + Transceiver combined Þ Active Antenna Allows Active antenna arrays Produce dynamically adjustable radiation patterns" xmpDM:startTime="2381400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="depending upon the current traffic Beam footprint can be adjusted (beamforming) Cell edge can be adapted to load demand Dynamic" xmpDM:startTime="2381400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cell Splitting: Vertical or horizontal sectors and/or Smaller footprints Þ Reduced real-estate costs Software reconfigurations allow easy evolution Allows multi" xmpDM:startTime="2381400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="radio access technologies Allows combining local and wide area technologies" xmpDM:startTime="2381400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Self-Organizing Networks (SON) For AAS based deployments Parameters are now dynamically computed and applied Previous releases had static optimization." xmpDM:startTime="2381433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 13 extended to dynamic optimization eNB can now signal to neighboring cells any changes in configuration Planned changes are" xmpDM:startTime="2381433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="notified in advance to avoid failures" xmpDM:startTime="2381433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Elevation Beamforming Aka 3D-MIMO or Full-dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) Infinite Antennas = Massive MIMO Require appropriately coded Channel State Information Reference" xmpDM:startTime="2381533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="signals (CSI-RS) and Sounding Reference Signals (SRS), and demodulation reference signals (DMRS) 16 Antennas in R13, 32 in R14 Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="2381533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="G." xmpDM:startTime="2381533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Xu, et al, “Full-Dimension MIMO: Status and Challenges in Design and Implementation,” May 2014, http://www.ieee-ctw.org/2014/slides/session3/CTW_2014_Samsung_FD-MIMO.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2381533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2381533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Inter-eNB CoMP Coordinated Multipoint Operation (CoMP) in Release 11 was restricted to eNBs connected via ideal backhaul Þ No need" xmpDM:startTime="2381667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for network interfaces In Release 12, a signaling interface has been added which allows eNBs to interchange measurement and resource" xmpDM:startTime="2381667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="allocation information In Release 13, new signaling elements were added eNB eNB" xmpDM:startTime="2381667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indoor Positioning FCC requires indoor positioning for E911 x/y location within 50 m by 2021 Provide z location by 2023" xmpDM:startTime="2381800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Position can be determined by: Barometric sensors Wireless LANs Bluetooth beacons Terrestrial beacon system broadcasting signals for positioning, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2381800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Metropolitan Beacon Systems (MBS) R13 supports only standalone mode and UE assisted mode without network assistance are supported." xmpDM:startTime="2381800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Only MBS is supported." xmpDM:startTime="2381800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="R14 introduced advanced techniques using Enhanced Cell-ID and Observed Time Difference of Arrival." xmpDM:startTime="2381800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2381800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carrier Aggregation Enhancements CA was introduced in R10 R12 limited to 5 carriers Þ 100 MHz R13 extended to 32" xmpDM:startTime="2381833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="carriers Þ 640 MHz Both FDD and TDD Inter-band and Intra-band Licensed and Unlicensed 64-QAM can be used with carrier" xmpDM:startTime="2381833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="aggregation" xmpDM:startTime="2381833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="License Assisted Access (LAA) 5 GHz band for public hot-spots and in-building Different rules and bands in different countries, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Avoid if a radar is operating Can’t block 20 MHz if using only 180 kHz Transmit only if free." xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Recheck after maximum occupancy time Þ Can not transmit continuously as in standard LTE Carrier aggregation with unlicensed band and" xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="licensed band when possible." xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DL enhancement in R13." xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="UL enhancements in R14." xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5150 5350 5470 5725 5850 USA Europe/Japan China 200 mW or less 1W" xmpDM:startTime="2382267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAA (Cont) End-to-End LTE Þ Better integration than with Wi-Fi Before R13, several different solutions called LTE-U were used." xmpDM:startTime="2382533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="R13 introduced a global standard to include 5 GHz unlicensed band using several 20 MHz channels To coexist with Wi-Fi," xmpDM:startTime="2382533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAA uses Listen before talk Discontinuous transmission on a carrier with limited maximum transmission duration Dynamic frequency selection to avoid" xmpDM:startTime="2382533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="interference with radar systems in some regions Multicarrier transmission across multiple unlicensed channels" xmpDM:startTime="2382533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE-WLAN Aggregation Enhancements LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) was introduced in R12 In R13: LTE_WLAN Radio Level Integration with IPSec tunnel (LWIP)" xmpDM:startTime="2382633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="allows both uplink and downlink traffic to be sent over WLAN RAN Controlled LTE-WLAN interworking (RCLWL) allows eNB to send" xmpDM:startTime="2382633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="traffic steering commands to UE based on UE measurements" xmpDM:startTime="2382633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wi-Fi with IP Flow Mobility Network Based Internet Protocol Flow Mobility (NBIFOM) IP flows can be steered towards PDN or" xmpDM:startTime="2382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wi-Fi Trusted and untrusted WLAN interfaces have been defined." xmpDM:startTime="2382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Similar to but different from LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) Even Voice and Video traffic can be sent over Wi-Fi Þ Allows" xmpDM:startTime="2382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="increased coverage area" xmpDM:startTime="2382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RAN Sharing Multiple operators can share a radio access network (RAN) Each operator runs a “Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)”" xmpDM:startTime="2382700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Owner operator can put limits on total UL/DL load of sharing PLMNs QoS profile can also be limited as agreed" xmpDM:startTime="2382700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2382700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhanced D2D Proximity Services (PROSE) Device-to-Device (D2D) was introduced in R12 In R13: UEs can search multiple PLMNs for “side-link”" xmpDM:startTime="2383033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Out-of-coverage D2D discovery Support for relaying using D2D." xmpDM:startTime="2383033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="L3 relay was defined." xmpDM:startTime="2383033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Public safety personnel can connect to network through other mobiles." xmpDM:startTime="2383033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="eNB eNB (a) (b) (c) First Responders only" xmpDM:startTime="2383033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Dual Connectivity Enhancements Dual connectivity was introduced in R12 Allowed only downlink throughput enhancement In R13: Uplink bearer split UE" xmpDM:startTime="2383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="splits the traffic only if the queue is over a threshold Timing differences between two bears is handled Þ Allows" xmpDM:startTime="2383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dual connectivity to different operators Traffic steering is supported." xmpDM:startTime="2383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Local traffic and Selective IP traffic can be directed towards small cell to avoid overloading core network" xmpDM:startTime="2383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE Cat-M1 For machine type communication in Release 13." xmpDM:startTime="2383200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1 Mbps using 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2383200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz = 6 Physical Resource Blocks (PRB) Signaling inside 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2383200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz =&gt; Do not need to listen to 20 MHz All power on fewer subcarriers Þ Power Spectral Density (PSD)" xmpDM:startTime="2383200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Boosting Þ 15 dB reduction in link budget by PSD and repetition Þ Allows UEs in basements and indoors Reduced" xmpDM:startTime="2383200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tx power to 20 dBm Þ integrated amplifier Popular in North America" xmpDM:startTime="2383200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-0 vs." xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-M1 Cat - 0 Cat - M 1 Downlink 64 - QAM 16 - QAM Uplink 16 - QAM 16" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="- QAM Bandwidth Full 1.08" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz Peak Rate 1Mbps (DL/UL) FD: 1 Mbps (DL/UL) HD: 300 kbps DL, 375 kbps/UL Power Classes 23 dBm 12" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm, 20 dBm Path loss 140.7" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dB 155.7" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dB" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) LTE Cat-NB1 or Category -2 UE also in Release 13." xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Designed for ultra-low cost (&lt;$5), low data rate, high power efficiency, deep in house coverage No handovers while active No" xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="channel measurements No MIMO QPSK or BPSK Single RF Chain =&gt; Half-duplex Data repetition to enable deep in-house coverage 15" xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="uW in idle state, 500 mW in transmitting." xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A 5 W-hr battery will last 10 years Most promising IoT protocol." xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Already in use in China." xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Popular in Europe." xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: Hossam Fattah, &quot;5G LTE Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT),&quot; CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3 September 2018, 262 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ISBN 9780429847585" xmpDM:startTime="2383667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT 128 kbps using 180 kHz band = Single PRB of 12 subcarriers (12 tones) Can be in-band," xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in guard-band, or out-of-band using 200 kHz GSM carrier All 3 deployments invisible to non-NB-IoT devices Optionally concentrate power in" xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3.75" xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="kHz tone to allow longer distance transmissions." xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All 12 tones in DL." xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1, 3, 6, or 12 tones in UL." xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2383767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) LTE Cat 0 UE receive signaling in the entire 20" xmpDM:startTime="2383867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band LTE-M UEs receive signaling in their 1.4" xmpDM:startTime="2383867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MHz band For NB-LTE UEs, signaling is part of the assigned PRB Control Enhanced Control (UE1) Enhanced Control (UE2) Data" xmpDM:startTime="2383867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(UE2) 6 PRB Data (UE1) Control Enhanced Control (UE1) 1 PRB Data (UE1) Control 20 MHz LTE LTE-M NB-LTE" xmpDM:startTime="2383867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT Several NB-IoT channels/carriers per sector." xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="One anchor carrier used to broadcast system information, control, and shared channels." xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="All devices in idle state camp on this anchor carrier." xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can be scheduled to receive/transmit on non-anchor carriers." xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can serve up to 50,000 devices per sector In R13, paging and random access only on anchor carriers In R14," xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="this can be done on non-anchor carriers also." xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R13, two UE power classes: 20 dBm and 23 dBm In R14, one more UE power class with 14" xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dBm" xmpDM:startTime="2384033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms Extended Idle Mode Discontinuous Reception (eDRX): Normal LTE devices listen to paging every 1.28s" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in idle state." xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can request to extend this to 5.12s" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to 43.69" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minutes." xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If the network accepts, the device can power off for that long without loosing its state including IP address." xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Power Save Mode: LTE devices have to perform periodic tracking area updates." xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 devices can extend this update timer to several days." xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization: NB1 user data can be sent/received in control channels =&gt; No need to schedule user" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data bearer Non-IP Data Delivery (NIDD): A Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) encapsulates/decapsulates IP packets and sends/receives data without IP" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="headers to/from NB1 device" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14 More accurate positioning Multicast to several UEs Improvement to VoLTE speech with enhanced coverage Packet bundling" xmpDM:startTime="2384400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at application and MAC layers Higher data rates: Cat NB2 2536 bits per transmission in UL and DL compared to" xmpDM:startTime="2384400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1000 bits in UL and 680 bits in DL for NB1 Two HARQ processes in stead of one 127 kbps" xmpDM:startTime="2384400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in DL and 159 kbps in UL" xmpDM:startTime="2384400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) Enhancement of enhanced Multimedia Multicast Broadcast (eMBMS) eMBMS allows multi-cell broadcasts but requires synchronization among eNBs." xmpDM:startTime="2384500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SC-PTM does not require synchronized networks as in eMBMS Each cell handles it’s own broadcasts." xmpDM:startTime="2384500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used Control information is broadcast on a “single-cell multicast control channel (SC-MCCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2384500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indicates active MBMS sessions and information about each session Data is broadcast on a “Single Cell multicast transport channel (SC-MTCH)." xmpDM:startTime="2384500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In R14, SC-PTM was extended to NB-IoT devices" xmpDM:startTime="2384500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-User Superposition Transmission (MUST) Users are distinguished by power levels Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Users with poor channel condition get" xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="higher power Users with higher power decode their signal treating others as noise Users with lower power subtract the higher" xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="powered signals before decoding." xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Can also be used with beamforming and MIMO User 1 subtracts signal of user 2 then decodes User 2 decodes" xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="its signal Considers user 1’s signal as noise Ref: G." xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ding, et al, “Application of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in LTE and 5G Networks,” https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a404/21a9762db528bfe848166765fee43e740c94.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2385067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="L2 Latency Reduction Instant Uplink Access (IUA): A.k.a" xmpDM:startTime="2610267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fast up link A long-lasting grant with recurring resources is provided to the device Extension of Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) with" xmpDM:startTime="2610267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="shorter recurring periods of up to 1 ms Device transmits only if there is data Does not need to transmit" xmpDM:startTime="2610267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="padding if there is no data =&gt; Saves power eNB sends Nack if no data is received during a scheduled" xmpDM:startTime="2610267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="grant Short Transmit-time Travel Interval (TTI): Time to switchover from receive to transmit 2 symbols for FDD, 7 symbols for" xmpDM:startTime="2610267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TDD" xmpDM:startTime="2610267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cellular Vehicle-to-X (C-V2X) Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V): Collision avoidance Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I): Traffic lights Vehicle-to-Pedestrians (V2P): Safety alerts Vehicle-to-Network (V2N): Maps, routing Use" xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5.9" xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GHz VANET spectrum direct PC5 interface for V2I, V2P, V2V Use licensed spectrum for V2N Direct communication using enhanced LTE" xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="D2D sidelink w PC5 Interface Another alternative is to use UE to eNB Uu interface for upload and retransmission/broadcast from" xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="eNB Ref: Qualcomm, &quot;Expanding the 5G NR ecosystem and roadmap in 3GPP Release 16 and beyond,&quot; Sep 2018, 35 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/expanding-the-5g-nr-ecosystem-and-roadmap-in-3gpp-rel-16-beyond.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vanet_full V2V V2I Image result for pedestrian V2P V2N" xmpDM:startTime="2933267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="D2D vs." xmpDM:startTime="3351500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="V2V" xmpDM:startTime="3351500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="V2V Extensions Higher Doppler due to high speed: Doubled the number of demodulation reference symbols (DMRS) to 4 Lower Latency:" xmpDM:startTime="3426667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Scheduling and data in the same subframe Collision Avoidance: UEs can sense load on the channel and request resources in" xmpDM:startTime="3426667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="advance to avoid collisions Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based Synchronization: V2V almost always have GPS." xmpDM:startTime="3426667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It can be used in addition to eNB timing." xmpDM:startTime="3426667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhanced sidelink configuration and signaling 1 slot 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13" xmpDM:startTime="3426667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 Reference Signal" xmpDM:startTime="3426667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Summary LTE Advanced Pro is 4.5G" xmpDM:startTime="3720100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="technology developed by 3GPP as Release 13 and 14 Release 13 introduced several new features: AAS and FD-MIMO Spectrum Aggregation" xmpDM:startTime="3720100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="enhancements: LAA, LWA, LWIP IoT/MTC D2D for Safety personnel Release 14 mostly further enhanced these features and added: MUST V2X" xmpDM:startTime="3720100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3720100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="V2V Extensions Higher Doppler due to high speed: Doubled the number of demodulation reference symbols (DMRS) to 4 Lower Latency:" xmpDM:startTime="3724600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Scheduling and data in the same subframe Collision Avoidance: UEs can sense load on the channel and request resources in" xmpDM:startTime="3724600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="advance to avoid collisions Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based Synchronization: V2V almost always have GPS." xmpDM:startTime="3724600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It can be used in addition to eNB timing." xmpDM:startTime="3724600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhanced sidelink configuration and signaling 1 slot 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13" xmpDM:startTime="3724600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 Reference Signal" xmpDM:startTime="3724600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Summary LTE Advanced Pro is 4.5G" xmpDM:startTime="3726900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="technology developed by 3GPP as Release 13 and 14 Release 13 introduced several new features: AAS and FD-MIMO Spectrum Aggregation" xmpDM:startTime="3726900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="enhancements: LAA, LWA, LWIP IoT/MTC D2D for Safety personnel Release 14 mostly further enhanced these features and added: MUST V2X" xmpDM:startTime="3726900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3726900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Reading List Rohde &amp; Schwarz, &quot;LTE-Advanced Pro Introduction eMBB Technology Components in 3GPP Release 13/14,&quot; White paper, 50 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="3880167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://cdn.rohde-schwarz.com/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/LTE-Advanced-Pro_Introduction_White_paper_en_5215-8258-52_v0100.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="3880167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="G." xmpDM:startTime="3880167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pfeifer, &quot;5G Technology Introduction, Market Status Overview and Worldwide Trials,&quot; 5G and IoT Seminar, Italy, May 2017, https://cdn.rohde-schwarz.com/it/seminario/5G_Seminar_Part1_Standardization_Market_PHY_170509_Italy.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="3880167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3880167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="References G." xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Xu, et al, &quot;Full-Dimension MIMO: Status and Challenges in Design and Implementation,&quot; May 2014, http://www.ieee-ctw.org/2014/slides/session3/CTW_2014_Samsung_FD-MIMO.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Hossam Fattah, &quot;5G LTE Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT),&quot; CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3 September 2018, 262 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ISBN 9780429847585 G." xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ding, et al, &quot;Application of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in LTE and 5G Networks,&quot; https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a404/21a9762db528bfe848166765fee43e740c94.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Qualcomm, &quot;Expanding the 5G NR ecosystem and roadmap in 3GPP Release 16 and beyond,&quot; Sep 2018, 35 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="https://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/expanding-the-5g-nr-ecosystem-and-roadmap-in-3gpp-rel-16-beyond.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P." xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Zhu, &quot;5G Enabling Technologies,&quot; PIMRC, Sep 2014, 20 slides, http://www.ieee-pimrc.org/2014/2014-09-03%205G%20" xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="W." xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Afifi and M." xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Krunz, &quot;Adaptive Transmission-Reception-Sensing Strategy for Cognitive Radios with Full-duplex Capabilities,&quot; April 2010, 12 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3892933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="References (Cont) I." xmpDM:startTime="3901867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="S." xmpDM:startTime="3901867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Simic, &quot;Evolution of Mobile Base Station Architectures,&quot; Microwave Review, Jun 2007, 6pp.," xmpDM:startTime="3901867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://www.mtt-serbia.org.rs/microwave_review/pdf/Vol13No1-07-ISimic.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="3901867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="I." xmpDM:startTime="3901867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Hwang, B." xmpDM:startTime="3901867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Song, and S." xmpDM:startTime="3901867" 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xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms" xmpDM:startTime="2024767" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="23" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1725, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2025600" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="24" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1800, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC" xmpDM:startTime="2027767" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="25" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1875, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2028967" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="26" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1950, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT)" xmpDM:startTime="2030400" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="27" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2025, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-0 vs. Cat-M1" xmpDM:startTime="2032333" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="28" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2100, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT)" xmpDM:startTime="2032967" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="29" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2175, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2033033" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="30" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2250, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC" xmpDM:startTime="2033400" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="31" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2325, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2033467" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="32" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2400, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms" xmpDM:startTime="2033800" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="33" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2475, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14" xmpDM:startTime="2033833" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="34" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2550, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM)" xmpDM:startTime="2034367" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="35" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2625, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14" xmpDM:startTime="2034800" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="36" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2700, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM)" xmpDM:startTime="2065500" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="37" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2775, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-User Superposition Transmission (MUST)" xmpDM:startTime="2341700" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="38" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2850, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM)" xmpDM:startTime="2343033" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="39" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2925, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-User Superposition Transmission (MUST)" xmpDM:startTime="2344400" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="40" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3000, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM)" xmpDM:startTime="2352000" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="41" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3075, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MTC Enhancements in R14" xmpDM:startTime="2352033" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="42" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms" xmpDM:startTime="2352167" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="43" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2352233" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="44" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC" xmpDM:startTime="2352400" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="45" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3375, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2352433" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="46" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3450, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT)" xmpDM:startTime="2352767" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="47" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3525, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-0 vs. Cat-M1" xmpDM:startTime="2352867" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="48" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3600, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE Cat-M1" xmpDM:startTime="2353100" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="49" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3675, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Dual Connectivity Enhancements" xmpDM:startTime="2353133" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="50" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3750, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhanced D2D Proximity Services (PROSE)" xmpDM:startTime="2353467" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="51" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3825, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RAN Sharing" xmpDM:startTime="2353867" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="52" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3900, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wi-Fi with IP Flow Mobility" xmpDM:startTime="2353933" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="53" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="50, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE-WLAN Aggregation Enhancements" xmpDM:startTime="2354267" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="54" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="125, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAA (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2354567" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="55" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="200, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="License Assisted Access (LAA)" xmpDM:startTime="2354633" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="56" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="275, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carrier Aggregation Enhancements" xmpDM:startTime="2354700" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="57" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="350, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indoor Positioning" xmpDM:startTime="2355133" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="58" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="425, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Inter-eNB CoMP" xmpDM:startTime="2355433" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="59" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="500, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Elevation Beamforming" xmpDM:startTime="2355600" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="60" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="575, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Self-Organizing Networks (SON)" xmpDM:startTime="2355633" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="61" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="650, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Active Antenna Systems (AAS)" xmpDM:startTime="2355867" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="62" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="725, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 14 Features" xmpDM:startTime="2356367" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="63" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="800, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 13 Features" xmpDM:startTime="2357400" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="64" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="875, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE Advanced Pro" xmpDM:startTime="2357567" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="65" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="950, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 13 Features" xmpDM:startTime="2358067" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="66" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1025, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Release 14 Features" xmpDM:startTime="2361733" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="67" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1100, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Active Antenna Systems (AAS)" xmpDM:startTime="2381400" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="68" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1175, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Self-Organizing Networks (SON)" xmpDM:startTime="2381433" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="69" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1250, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Elevation Beamforming" xmpDM:startTime="2381533" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="70" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1325, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Inter-eNB CoMP" xmpDM:startTime="2381667" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="71" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1400, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Indoor Positioning" xmpDM:startTime="2381800" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="72" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1475, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carrier Aggregation Enhancements" xmpDM:startTime="2381833" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="73" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1550, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="License Assisted Access (LAA)" xmpDM:startTime="2382267" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="74" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1625, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAA (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2382533" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="75" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1700, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE-WLAN Aggregation Enhancements" xmpDM:startTime="2382633" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="76" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1775, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wi-Fi with IP Flow Mobility" xmpDM:startTime="2382667" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="77" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1850, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RAN Sharing" xmpDM:startTime="2382700" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="78" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1925, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Enhanced D2D Proximity Services (PROSE)" xmpDM:startTime="2383033" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="79" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2000, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Dual Connectivity Enhancements" xmpDM:startTime="2383133" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="80" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2075, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LTE Cat-M1" xmpDM:startTime="2383200" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="81" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2150, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cat-0 vs. Cat-M1" xmpDM:startTime="2383367" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="82" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2225, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT)" xmpDM:startTime="2383667" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="83" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2300, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Band for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2383767" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="84" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2375, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Signaling Enhancements for MTC" xmpDM:startTime="2383867" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="85" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2450, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Carriers for NB-IoT" xmpDM:startTime="2384033" tscDM:image="j_19lap2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="86" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2525, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="NB1 Energy Saving Mechanisms" xmpDM:startTime="2384133" 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