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                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Block Cipher Operation Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 Jain@cse.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Audio/Video recordings of this lecture are available at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-17/" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview Double DES, Triple DES, DES-X Encryption Modes for long messages: Electronic Code Book (ECB) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Cipher" xmpDM:startTime="5933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Feedback (CFB) Output Feedback (OFB) Counter (CTR) Mode XTS-AES Mode for Block-oriented Storage Devices These slides are based partly on" xmpDM:startTime="5933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lawrie Brown’s slides supplied with William Stallings's book “Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice,” 7th Ed, 2017." xmpDM:startTime="5933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="5933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Double-DES C = EK2(EK1(P)) Meet-in-the-middle attack Developed by Diffie and Hellman in 1977 Can be used to attack any composition" xmpDM:startTime="35700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of 2 functions X = EK1(P) = DK2(C) Attack by encrypting P with all 256 keys and storing Then decrypt" xmpDM:startTime="35700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="C with keys and match X value Verify with one more pair Takes max of O(256) steps Þ Total 257" xmpDM:startTime="35700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="operations Only twice as secure as single DES Ek1(P) Dk2(C)" xmpDM:startTime="35700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Triple-DES Use DES 3 times: C = EK3(DK2(EK1(P))) E-D-E provides the same level of security as E-E-E E-D-E sequence is" xmpDM:startTime="374167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="used for compatibility with legacy K1=K2=K3 Þ DES PGP and S/MIME use this 3 key version Provides 112 bits of" xmpDM:startTime="374167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="security Two keys with E-D-E sequence C = EK1(DK2(EK1(P))) Standardized in ANSI X9.17" xmpDM:startTime="374167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="&amp; ISO8732 No current known practical attacks Several proposed impractical attacks might become basis of future attacks" xmpDM:startTime="374167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Double-DES C = EK2(EK1(P)) Meet-in-the-middle attack Developed by Diffie and Hellman in 1977 Can be used to attack any composition" xmpDM:startTime="583867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of 2 functions X = EK1(P) = DK2(C) Attack by encrypting P with all 256 keys and storing Then decrypt" xmpDM:startTime="583867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="C with keys and match X value Verify with one more pair Takes max of O(256) steps Þ Total 257" xmpDM:startTime="583867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="operations Only twice as secure as single DES Ek1(P) Dk2(C)" xmpDM:startTime="583867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Triple-DES Use DES 3 times: C = EK3(DK2(EK1(P))) E-D-E provides the same level of security as E-E-E E-D-E sequence is" xmpDM:startTime="616100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="used for compatibility with legacy K1=K2=K3 Þ DES PGP and S/MIME use this 3 key version Provides 112 bits of" xmpDM:startTime="616100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="security Two keys with E-D-E sequence C = EK1(DK2(EK1(P))) Standardized in ANSI X9.17" xmpDM:startTime="616100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="&amp; ISO8732 No current known practical attacks Several proposed impractical attacks might become basis of future attacks" xmpDM:startTime="616100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Electronic Codebook (ECB) Mode How to encode multiple blocks of a long message? Each block is encoded independently of the" xmpDM:startTime="665467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="others Ci = EK(Pi) Each block is substituted like a codebook, hence name." xmpDM:startTime="665467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation" xmpDM:startTime="665467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="665467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ECB Limitations Using the same key on multiple blocks makes it easier to break Identical Plaintext Identical Ciphertext Does not" xmpDM:startTime="767700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="change pattern: Original ECB Better NIST SP 800-38A defines 5 modes that can be used with any block cipher Ref:" xmpDM:startTime="767700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes_of_operation" xmpDM:startTime="767700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="767700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) Add random numbers before encrypting Previous cipher blocks is chained with current plaintext block Use an" xmpDM:startTime="817100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Initial Vector (IV) to start process Ci = EK(Pi XOR Ci-1) C-1 = IV" xmpDM:startTime="817100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
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