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                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAN Extension and Network Virtualization in Cloud Data Centers Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Jain@cse.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="." xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cloud_computing" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview TRILL NVGRE VXLAN NVO3 Geneve EVPN GUE" xmpDM:startTime="31000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Geographic Clusters of Data Centers Multiple data centers are used to improve availability Cold-Standby: Data is backed up on tapes" xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and stored off-site." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In case of disaster, application and data are loaded in standby." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Manual switchover Þ Significant downtime." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(1970-1990) Hot-Standby: Two servers in different geographically close data centers exchange state and data continuously." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Synchronous or Asynchronous data replication to standby." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="On a failure, the application automatically switches to standby." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Automatic switchover Þ Reduced downtime (1990-2005) Only 50% of resources are used under normal operation." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Active-Active: All resources are used." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual machines and data can be quickly moved between sites, when needed." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: G." xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Santana, “Datacenter Virtualization Fundamentals,” Cisco Press, 2014, ISBN: 1587143240" xmpDM:startTime="66100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Center Interconnection (DCI) Allows distant data centers to be connected in one L2 domain Distributed applications Disaster recovery Maintenance/Migration" xmpDM:startTime="331833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="High-Availability Consolidation Active and standby can share the same virtual IP for switchover." xmpDM:startTime="331833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multicast can be used to send state to multiple destinations." xmpDM:startTime="331833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="b670ca2b31e7ab2b9743a4b87400a65e b670ca2b31e7ab2b9743a4b87400a65e 05 05" xmpDM:startTime="331833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Challenges of LAN Extension Broadcast storms: Unknown and broadcast frames may create excessive flood Loops: Easy to form loops in" xmpDM:startTime="520733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a large network." xmpDM:startTime="520733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="STP Issues: High spanning tree diameter (leaf-to-leaf): More than 7." xmpDM:startTime="520733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Root can become bottleneck and a single point of failure Multiple paths remain unused Core Aggregation Access Server Core Aggregation" xmpDM:startTime="520733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Access Server LAN Extension Tromboning: Dual attached servers and switches generate excessive cross traffic Security: Data on LAN extension must" xmpDM:startTime="520733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="be encrypted ANd9GcQKPNeDBRUXVA_oesI1QY4WuLQ5L_r3QifhNNxWJOswGrBMf7apav5l6avx LAN data_center data_center" xmpDM:startTime="520733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links Allows a large campus to be a single extended LAN LANs allow free" xmpDM:startTime="722467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="mobility inside the LAN but: Inefficient paths using Spanning tree Inefficient link utilization since many links are disabled Inefficient link" xmpDM:startTime="722467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="utilization since multipath is not allowed." xmpDM:startTime="722467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Unstable: small changes in network  large changes in spanning tree IP subnets are not good for mobility because IP" xmpDM:startTime="722467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="addresses change as nodes move and break transport connections, but: IP routing is efficient, optimal, and stable Solution: Take the" xmpDM:startTime="722467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="best of both worlds Þ Use MAC addresses and IP routing Ref: RFCs 5556, 6325, 6326, 6327, 6361, 6439" xmpDM:startTime="722467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="933067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="933067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="933067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="933067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="933067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1191200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1191200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1191200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1191200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1191200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1191200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1194167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1194167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1194167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1194167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1194167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1201233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1201233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1201233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1201233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1201233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1201233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features Transparent: No change to capabilities." xmpDM:startTime="1239667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Broadcast, Unknown, Multicast (BUM) support." xmpDM:startTime="1239667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Auto-learning." xmpDM:startTime="1239667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Zero Configuration: RBridges discover their connectivity and learn MAC addresses automatically Hosts can be multi-homed VLANs are supported Optimized route" xmpDM:startTime="1239667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No loops Legacy bridges with spanning tree in the same extended LAN" xmpDM:startTime="1239667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL: Summary TRILL allows a large campus to be a single Extended LAN Packets are encapsulated and routed using IS-IS" xmpDM:startTime="1241100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="routing" xmpDM:startTime="1241100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features Transparent: No change to capabilities." xmpDM:startTime="1242333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Broadcast, Unknown, Multicast (BUM) support." xmpDM:startTime="1242333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Auto-learning." xmpDM:startTime="1242333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Zero Configuration: RBridges discover their connectivity and learn MAC addresses automatically Hosts can be multi-homed VLANs are supported Optimized route" xmpDM:startTime="1242333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No loops Legacy bridges with spanning tree in the same extended LAN" xmpDM:startTime="1242333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1243400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1243400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1243400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1243400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1243400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1243400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1284667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1284667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1284667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1284667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1284667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1311933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1311933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1311933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1311933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1311933" 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xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1323400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1323400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1323400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1323400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; 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but: IP routing is efficient, optimal, and stable Solution: Take the" xmpDM:startTime="1353500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="best of both worlds Þ Use MAC addresses and IP routing Ref: RFCs 5556, 6325, 6326, 6327, 6361, 6439" xmpDM:startTime="1353500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Challenges of LAN Extension Broadcast storms: Unknown and broadcast frames may create excessive flood Loops: Easy to form loops in" xmpDM:startTime="1353967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a large network." xmpDM:startTime="1353967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="STP Issues: High spanning tree diameter (leaf-to-leaf): More than 7." xmpDM:startTime="1353967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Root can become bottleneck and a single point of failure Multiple paths remain unused Core Aggregation Access Server Core Aggregation" xmpDM:startTime="1353967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Access Server LAN Extension Tromboning: Dual attached servers and switches generate excessive cross traffic Security: Data on LAN extension must" xmpDM:startTime="1353967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="be encrypted ANd9GcQKPNeDBRUXVA_oesI1QY4WuLQ5L_r3QifhNNxWJOswGrBMf7apav5l6avx LAN data_center data_center" xmpDM:startTime="1353967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links Allows a large campus to be a single extended LAN LANs allow free" xmpDM:startTime="1355467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="mobility inside the LAN but: Inefficient paths using Spanning tree Inefficient link utilization since many links are disabled Inefficient link" xmpDM:startTime="1355467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="utilization since multipath is not allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1355467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Unstable: small changes in network  large changes in spanning tree IP subnets are not good for mobility because IP" xmpDM:startTime="1355467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="addresses change as nodes move and break transport connections, but: IP routing is efficient, optimal, and stable Solution: Take the" xmpDM:startTime="1355467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="best of both worlds Þ Use MAC addresses and IP routing Ref: RFCs 5556, 6325, 6326, 6327, 6361, 6439" xmpDM:startTime="1355467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1356033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1356033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1356033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1356033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1356033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1356500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1356500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1356500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1356500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1356500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1356500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1390000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1390000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1390000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1390000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1390000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1426433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1426433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1426433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1426433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1426433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1426433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features Transparent: No change to capabilities." xmpDM:startTime="1572000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Broadcast, Unknown, Multicast (BUM) support." xmpDM:startTime="1572000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Auto-learning." xmpDM:startTime="1572000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Zero Configuration: RBridges discover their connectivity and learn MAC addresses automatically Hosts can be multi-homed VLANs are supported Optimized route" xmpDM:startTime="1572000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No loops Legacy bridges with spanning tree in the same extended LAN" xmpDM:startTime="1572000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1630833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1630833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1630833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1630833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1630833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1630833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1631533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1631533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1631533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1631533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1631533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1698400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1698400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1698400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1698400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1698400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1698400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features Transparent: No change to capabilities." xmpDM:startTime="1698867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Broadcast, Unknown, Multicast (BUM) support." xmpDM:startTime="1698867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Auto-learning." xmpDM:startTime="1698867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Zero Configuration: RBridges discover their connectivity and learn MAC addresses automatically Hosts can be multi-homed VLANs are supported Optimized route" xmpDM:startTime="1698867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No loops Legacy bridges with spanning tree in the same extended LAN" xmpDM:startTime="1698867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1716467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1716467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1716467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1716467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1716467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1716467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1716733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1716733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1716733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1716733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1716733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1734500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1734500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1734500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1734500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1734500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1734500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture Routing Bridges (RBridges) encapsulate L2 frames and route them to destination RBridges which decapsulate and forward Header contains" xmpDM:startTime="1736733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a hop-limit to avoid looping RBridges run IS-IS to compute pair-wise optimal paths for unicast and distribution trees for multicast" xmpDM:startTime="1736733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RBridge learn MAC addresses by source learning and by exchanging their MAC tables with other RBridges Each VLAN on the" xmpDM:startTime="1736733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="link has one (and only one) designated RBridge using IS-IS election protocol Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="1736733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Perlman, &quot;RBridges: Transparent Routing,&quot; Infocom 2004 RB1 RB3 H1 H2 RB2 RB4" xmpDM:startTime="1736733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format For outer headers both PPP and Ethernet headers are allowed." xmpDM:startTime="1737833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PPP for long haul." xmpDM:startTime="1737833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Outer Ethernet header can have a VLAN ID corresponding to the VLAN used for TRILL." xmpDM:startTime="1737833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Priority bits in outer headers are copied from inner VLAN Outer Header TRILL header Original 802.1Q" xmpDM:startTime="1737833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="packet 2b 2b 1b 5b 6b 16b 16b Version Res." xmpDM:startTime="1737833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi- Destination Options Length Hops to Live Egress RBridge Ingress RBridge Options" xmpDM:startTime="1737833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features Transparent: No change to capabilities." xmpDM:startTime="1738133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Broadcast, Unknown, Multicast (BUM) support." xmpDM:startTime="1738133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Auto-learning." xmpDM:startTime="1738133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Zero Configuration: RBridges discover their connectivity and learn MAC addresses automatically Hosts can be multi-homed VLANs are supported Optimized route" xmpDM:startTime="1738133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No loops Legacy bridges with spanning tree in the same extended LAN" xmpDM:startTime="1738133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL: Summary TRILL allows a large campus to be a single Extended LAN Packets are encapsulated and routed using IS-IS" xmpDM:startTime="1738500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="routing" xmpDM:startTime="1738500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GRE Any new feature in IP requires encapsulation, a.k.a." xmpDM:startTime="1944767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="tunneling Generic Routing Encaptulation (RFC 1701/1702) Generic Þ X over Y for any X or Y protocols Given n protocols," xmpDM:startTime="1944767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="we need O(n2) encapsulation formats, GRE converts this to O(1) format." xmpDM:startTime="1944767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Encapsulations may require the following services: Stream multiplexing: Which recipient at the other end? Source Routing: what path to take?" xmpDM:startTime="1944767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Packet Sequencing Tunnel End Tunnel End Old IP Router Old IP Router Old IP Router Tunnel New IP Router New" xmpDM:startTime="1944767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Router New IP Header Payload New IP Header Payload New IP Header Payload Old IP Header Add Info" xmpDM:startTime="1944767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GRE (Cont) GRE provides all of the above encapsulation services Over IPv4, GRE packets use a protocol type of 47" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Optional: Checksum, Loose/strict Source Routing, Key Key is used either to authenticate the source or to distinguish different substreams Recursion" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Control: # of additional encapsulations allowed." xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="0 Þ Restricted to a single provider network Þ end-to-end Offset: Points to the next source route field to be" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="used IP or IPSec are commonly used as delivery headers Payload GRE Header Delivery Header Check- sum Present Routing Present" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Key Present Seq." xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# Present Strict Source Route Ver." xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# Prot." xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Type Offset Check sum (Opt) Key (Opt) Seq." xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# (Opt) Source Routing List (Opt) 1b 1b 1b 1b 3b 3b 16b 16b 16b 32b 32b Variable Recursion Control" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1b 3b Flags 5b" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="EoMPLSoGRE Ethernet over MPLS over GRE (point-to-point) VPLS over MPLS over GRE (Multipoint-to-multipoint) Used when provider offers only L3 connectivity" xmpDM:startTime="2392533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Subscribers use their own MPLS over GRE tunnels VPLSoGRE or Advanced-VPLSoGRE can also be used GRE offers IPSec encryption option" xmpDM:startTime="2392533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Customer MPLS Router Customer MPLS Router Provider Edge Router Provider Core Router(s) Provider Edge Router Tunnel Ethernet Ethernet MPLS GRE" xmpDM:startTime="2392533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Ethernet Ethernet MPLS GRE IP = Provider Network" xmpDM:startTime="2392533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
                     </xmpDM:markers>
                  </rdf:Description>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>
                  <rdf:Description xmpDM:trackType="TableOfContents" xmpDM:frameRate="f1000" xmpDM:trackName="Table of Contents">
                     <xmpDM:markers>
                        <rdf:Seq>
                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="LAN Extension and Network Virtualization in Cloud Data Centers" xmpDM:startTime="0" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="0" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="0, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview" xmpDM:startTime="31000" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="1" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="75, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Geographic Clusters of Data Centers" xmpDM:startTime="66100" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="2" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Center Interconnection (DCI)" xmpDM:startTime="331833" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="3" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Challenges of LAN Extension" xmpDM:startTime="520733" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="4" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL" xmpDM:startTime="722467" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="5" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="375, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="933067" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="6" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="450, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1191200" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="7" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="525, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1194167" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="8" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="600, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1201233" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="9" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="675, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features" xmpDM:startTime="1239667" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="10" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="750, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL: Summary" xmpDM:startTime="1241100" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="11" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="825, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features" xmpDM:startTime="1242333" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="12" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="900, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1243400" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="13" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="975, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1284667" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="14" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1050, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1311933" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="15" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1125, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features" xmpDM:startTime="1312567" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="16" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1200, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1313600" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="17" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1275, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1323400" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="18" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1350, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL" xmpDM:startTime="1353500" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="19" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1425, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Challenges of LAN Extension" xmpDM:startTime="1353967" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="20" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1500, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL" xmpDM:startTime="1355467" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="21" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1575, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1356033" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="22" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1650, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1356500" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="23" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1725, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1390000" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="24" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1800, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1426433" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="25" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1875, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features" xmpDM:startTime="1572000" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="26" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1950, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1630833" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="27" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2025, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1631533" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="28" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2100, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1698400" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="29" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2175, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features" xmpDM:startTime="1698867" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="30" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2250, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1716467" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="31" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2325, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1716733" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="32" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2400, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1734500" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="33" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2475, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Architecture" xmpDM:startTime="1736733" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="34" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2550, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Encapsulation Format" xmpDM:startTime="1737833" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="35" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2625, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL Features" xmpDM:startTime="1738133" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="36" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2700, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="TRILL: Summary" xmpDM:startTime="1738500" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="37" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2775, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GRE" xmpDM:startTime="1944767" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="38" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2850, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="GRE (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2134633" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="39" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2925, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="EoMPLSoGRE" xmpDM:startTime="2392533" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="40" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3000, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="End of presentation" xmpDM:startTime="2520567" tscDM:image="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="41" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3075, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
                     </xmpDM:markers>
                  </rdf:Description>
               </rdf:li>
            </rdf:Bag>
         </xmpDM:Tracks>
         <tscDM:controller>
            <rdf:Description xmpDM:name="tscplayer">
               <tscDM:parameters>
                  <rdf:Bag>
                     <rdf:li xmpDM:name="autohide" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="autoplay" xmpDM:value="true"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="loop" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="searchable" xmpDM:value="true"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="captionsenabled" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="sidebarenabled" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="unicodeenabled" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="backgroundcolor" xmpDM:value="000000"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="sidebarlocation" xmpDM:value="left"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="endaction" xmpDM:value="stop"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="endactionparam" xmpDM:value="true"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="locale" xmpDM:value="en-US"/></rdf:Bag>
               </tscDM:parameters>
               <tscDM:controllerText>
                  <rdf:Bag>
                  </rdf:Bag>
               </tscDM:controllerText>
            </rdf:Description>
         </tscDM:controller>
         <tscDM:contentList>
            <rdf:Description>
               <tscDM:files>
                  <rdf:Seq>
                     <rdf:li xmpDM:name="0" xmpDM:value="m_08dmt1.mp4"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="1" xmpDM:value="m_08dmt1_First_Frame.png"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="2" xmpDM:value="m_08dmt1_Thumbnails.png"/></rdf:Seq>
               </tscDM:files>
            </rdf:Description>
         </tscDM:contentList>
      </rdf:Description>
   </rdf:RDF>
</x:xmpmeta>