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                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Center Networks: Virtual Bridging Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 Jain@cse.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="." xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="0" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview Virtual Bridges to connect virtual machines IEEE Virtual Edge Bridging Standard Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) Aggregating Bridges and" xmpDM:startTime="13433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Links: VSS and vPC Bridges with massive number of ports: VBE" xmpDM:startTime="13433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtualization “Virtualization means that Applications can use a resource without any concern for where it resides, what the technical interface" xmpDM:startTime="34200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="is, how it has been implemented, which platform it uses, and how much of it is available.”" xmpDM:startTime="34200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="-Rick F." xmpDM:startTime="34200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Van der Lans in Data Virtualization for Business Intelligence Systems" xmpDM:startTime="34200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Virtual? If you can see it and it is there Þ Its real If you can’t see it" xmpDM:startTime="95767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="but it is there Þ It’s transparent If you can see it and it is not there Þ It’s virtual" xmpDM:startTime="95767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If you can not see it and it is not there Þ It’s gone Ref: Cisco Live, “What you make" xmpDM:startTime="95767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="possible,” https://www.alcatron.net/Cisco%20Live%202013%20Melbourne/Cisco%20Live%20" xmpDM:startTime="95767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Content/Data%20Centre%20And%20Virtualisation/BRKVIR-2931%20%20End-to-End%20Data%20Centre%20Virtualisation.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="95767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Image result for transparent Image result for tree Related image Image result for thief" xmpDM:startTime="95767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 Reasons to Virtualize Sharing: Break up a large resource Large Capacity or high-speed E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="191000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Servers Isolation: Protection from other tenants E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="191000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Private Network Aggregating: Combine many resources in to one, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="191000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="storage Dynamics: Fast allocation, Change/Mobility, load balancing, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="191000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="virtual machines Ease of Management  Easy distribution, deployment, testing Switch Switch Switch Switch 10Gb ANd9GcRwi8RVt4jvHJBtcl_W8wGfqlRW7quhrh7kU7Ukd9g5yYriwzkoVA ANd9GcRQYZo_5Njqp9T7PD74r9ZpEgHQMblzutt7gO4D_kp4m3ZA8WKULQ 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unused physical resources Easier automation (Lower OpEx) Simplified provisioning/administration of hardware and software" xmpDM:startTime="323200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Scalability and Flexibility: Multiple operating systems Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization" xmpDM:startTime="323200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: K." xmpDM:startTime="323200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Hess, A." xmpDM:startTime="323200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Newman, &quot;Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization from the Trenches,&quot; Prentice Hall, 2009, ISBN:0137142978" xmpDM:startTime="323200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtualization in Computing Storage: Virtual Memory  L1, L2, L3, ..." xmpDM:startTime="551300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name=" Recursive Virtual CDs, Virtual Disks (RAID), Cloud storage Computing: Virtual Desktop  Virtual Server  Virtual Datacenter Thin Client" xmpDM:startTime="551300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name=" VMs  Cloud Networking: Plumbing of computing Virtual Channels, Virtual LANs, Virtual Private Networks plumbing plumbing1" xmpDM:startTime="551300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server Virtualization Concepts Host OS: Runs on the bare metal Guest OS: Runs on the host OS, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="773500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Windows XP Mode on Win 7 Hypervisor: Software to support multiple virtual machines Type 1: Runs on bare metal, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="773500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Xen, VMware ESXi Type 2: Runs on a host OS, e.g.," 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xmpDM:startTime="778500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name=" VMs  Cloud Networking: Plumbing of computing Virtual Channels, Virtual LANs, Virtual Private Networks plumbing plumbing1" xmpDM:startTime="778500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server Virtualization Concepts Host OS: Runs on the bare metal Guest OS: Runs on the host OS, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="781633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Windows XP Mode on Win 7 Hypervisor: Software to support multiple virtual machines Type 1: Runs on bare metal, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="781633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Xen, VMware ESXi Type 2: Runs on a host OS, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="781633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MS Virtual PC Type 0: Both 1 and 2, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="781633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description 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virtualization allows providers to serve a large number" xmpDM:startTime="965433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of tenants without worrying about: Internal addresses used in client networks Number of client nodes Location of individual client nodes" xmpDM:startTime="965433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Number and values of client partitions (VLANs and Subnets) Network could be a single physical interface, a single physical machine," xmpDM:startTime="965433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a data center, a metro, … or the global Internet." xmpDM:startTime="965433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Provider could be a system owner, an enterprise, a cloud provider, or a carrier." xmpDM:startTime="965433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="965433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ANd9GcSFUROooWsIfxjCC8KnACy4ZfosRkBeKv0WzQBk1nryytvJKKm-mA ANd9GcSFUROooWsIfxjCC8KnACy4ZfosRkBeKv0WzQBk1nryytvJKKm-mA Levels of Network Virtualization NIC Bridge Router L3 Network L2 Network Data Center Networks consist of: Host Interface" xmpDM:startTime="1290633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="- L2 Links - L2 Bridges - L2 Networks - L3 Links - L3 Routers - L3 Networks – Data" xmpDM:startTime="1290633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Centers – Global Internet." xmpDM:startTime="1290633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each of these needs to be virtualized" xmpDM:startTime="1290633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Virtualization Techniques *All L2/L3 technologies for L2 Network partitioning and aggregation can also be used for L3 network partitioning" xmpDM:startTime="1392967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and aggregation, respectively, by simply putting L3 packets in L2 payloads." xmpDM:startTime="1392967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="**The aggregation technologies can also be seen as partitioning technologies from the provider point of view." xmpDM:startTime="1392967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Entity Partitioning Aggregation /Extension/Interconnection** NIC SR - IOV MR - IOV Switch VEB, VEPA VSS, VBE , DVS , FEX" xmpDM:startTime="1392967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="L2 Link VLANs LACP, Virtual PortChannels L2 Network using L2 VLAN PB (Q - in - Q), PBB (MAC -" xmpDM:startTime="1392967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in - MAC), PBB - TE, Access - EPL, EVPL, EVP - Tree, EVPLAN L2 Net work using L3 NVO3," xmpDM:startTime="1392967" 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From" xmpDM:startTime="1549567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="now on prefixes p and v refer to physical and virtual, respectively." xmpDM:startTime="1549567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="For VMs only, we use upper case V." xmpDM:startTime="1549567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: G." xmpDM:startTime="1549567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Santana, “Datacenter Virtualization Fundamentals,” Cisco Press, 2014, ISBN: 1587143240 pSwitch VM vNIC pM Hypervisor VM vNIC VM vNIC … pNIC" xmpDM:startTime="1549567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vSwitch" xmpDM:startTime="1549567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging Where should most of the tenant isolation take place? 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VM vendors: S/W NICs in Hypervisor w Virtual Edge" xmpDM:startTime="2116467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bridge (VEB)(overhead, not ext manageable, not all features) Switch Vendors: Switch provides virtual channels for inter-VM Communications using virtual Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="2116467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="port aggregator (VEPA): 802.1Qbg" xmpDM:startTime="2116467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(s/w upgrade) NIC Vendors: NIC provides virtual ports using Single-Route I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) on PCI bus vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2" xmpDM:startTime="2116467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="pNIC Hypervisor pM vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEPA pNIC pM pSwitch vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEB pNIC pM" xmpDM:startTime="2116467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012" xmpDM:startTime="2118233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="standard for vSwitch Two modes for vSwitches to handle local VM-to-VM traffic: Virtual Edge Bridge (VEB): Switch internally." xmpDM:startTime="2118233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA): Switch externally VEB could be in a hypervisor or network interface card may learn or" xmpDM:startTime="2118233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="may be configured with the MAC addresses VEB may participate in spanning tree or may be configured\ Advantage: No need" xmpDM:startTime="2118233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for the external switch in some cases VEB vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM VEPA vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="2118233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging Where should most of the tenant isolation take place? VM vendors: S/W NICs in Hypervisor w Virtual Edge" xmpDM:startTime="2120833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bridge (VEB)(overhead, not ext manageable, not all features) Switch Vendors: Switch provides virtual channels for inter-VM Communications using virtual Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="2120833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="port aggregator (VEPA): 802.1Qbg" xmpDM:startTime="2120833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(s/w upgrade) NIC Vendors: NIC provides virtual ports using Single-Route I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) on PCI bus vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2" xmpDM:startTime="2120833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="pNIC Hypervisor pM vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEPA pNIC pM pSwitch vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEB pNIC pM" xmpDM:startTime="2120833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vSwitch Problem: Multiple VMs on a server need to use one physical network interface card (pNIC) Solution: Hypervisor creates multiple" xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vNICs connected via a virtual switch (vSwitch) pNIC is controlled by hypervisor and not by any individual VM Notation: From" xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="now on prefixes p and v refer to physical and virtual, respectively." xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="For VMs only, we use upper case V." xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ref: G." xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Santana, “Datacenter Virtualization Fundamentals,” Cisco Press, 2014, ISBN: 1587143240 pSwitch VM vNIC pM Hypervisor VM vNIC VM vNIC … pNIC" xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vSwitch" xmpDM:startTime="2144267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging Where should most of the tenant isolation take place? VM vendors: S/W NICs in Hypervisor w Virtual Edge" xmpDM:startTime="2145667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bridge (VEB)(overhead, not ext manageable, not all features) Switch Vendors: Switch provides virtual channels for inter-VM Communications using virtual Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="2145667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="port aggregator (VEPA): 802.1Qbg" xmpDM:startTime="2145667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(s/w upgrade) NIC Vendors: NIC provides virtual ports using Single-Route I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) on PCI bus vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2" xmpDM:startTime="2145667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="pNIC Hypervisor pM vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEPA pNIC pM pSwitch vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEB pNIC pM" xmpDM:startTime="2145667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012" xmpDM:startTime="2146033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="standard for vSwitch Two modes for vSwitches to handle local VM-to-VM traffic: Virtual Edge Bridge (VEB): Switch internally." xmpDM:startTime="2146033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA): Switch externally VEB could be in a hypervisor or network interface card may learn or" xmpDM:startTime="2146033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="may be configured with the MAC addresses VEB may participate in spanning tree or may be configured\ Advantage: No need" xmpDM:startTime="2146033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for the external switch in some cases VEB vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM VEPA vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="2146033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) VEPA simply relays all traffic to an external bridge External bridge forwards the traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Called “Hairpin Mode.”" xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Returns local VM traffic back to VEPA Note: Legacy bridges do not allow traffic to be sent back to the" xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="incoming port within the same VLAN VEPA Advantages: Visibility: External bridge can see VM to VM traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Policy Enforcement: Better." xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="firewall Performance: Simpler vSwitch Þ Less load on CPU Management: Easier Both VEB and VEPA can be implemented on the" xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same NIC in the same server and can be cascaded." xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2252067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012" xmpDM:startTime="2276167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="standard for vSwitch Two modes for vSwitches to handle local VM-to-VM traffic: Virtual Edge Bridge (VEB): Switch internally." xmpDM:startTime="2276167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA): Switch externally VEB could be in a hypervisor or network interface card may learn or" xmpDM:startTime="2276167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="may be configured with the MAC addresses VEB may participate in spanning tree or may be configured\ Advantage: No need" xmpDM:startTime="2276167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for the external switch in some cases VEB vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM VEPA vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="2276167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) VEPA simply relays all traffic to an external bridge External bridge forwards the traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Called “Hairpin Mode.”" xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Returns local VM traffic back to VEPA Note: Legacy bridges do not allow traffic to be sent back to the" xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="incoming port within the same VLAN VEPA Advantages: Visibility: External bridge can see VM to VM traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Policy Enforcement: Better." xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="firewall Performance: Simpler vSwitch Þ Less load on CPU Management: Easier Both VEB and VEPA can be implemented on the" xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same NIC in the same server and can be cascaded." xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2304400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Used in computers for I/O – storage, video, network cards Designed by PCI Special Interest" xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Group (PCI-SIG) PCI Express (PCIe): Serial point-to-point interconnect with multiple lanes, 4 pins per lane." xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="X1=1 Lane, x32=32 lanes 2 GB/s/lane." xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Root complex is the head of connection to CPU Physical Function (PF): Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Video, … A PCIe card" xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="can provide multiple virtual functions (VFs) of the same type as PF, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="one 10Gbps pNIC = 2× 5Gbps vNICs Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Emerick, “PCI Express IO Virtualization Overview,” SNIA Education, 2012, http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/RonEmerick_PCI_Express_IO_Virtualization.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(Excellent)" xmpDM:startTime="2304900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) VEPA simply relays all traffic to an external bridge External bridge forwards the traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Called “Hairpin Mode.”" xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Returns local VM traffic back to VEPA Note: Legacy bridges do not allow traffic to be sent back to the" xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="incoming port within the same VLAN VEPA Advantages: Visibility: External bridge can see VM to VM traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Policy Enforcement: Better." xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="firewall Performance: Simpler vSwitch Þ Less load on CPU Management: Easier Both VEB and VEPA can be implemented on the" xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same NIC in the same server and can be cascaded." xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2306133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012" xmpDM:startTime="2333800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="standard for vSwitch Two modes for vSwitches to handle local VM-to-VM traffic: Virtual Edge Bridge (VEB): Switch internally." xmpDM:startTime="2333800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA): Switch externally VEB could be in a hypervisor or network interface card may learn or" xmpDM:startTime="2333800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="may be configured with the MAC addresses VEB may participate in spanning tree or may be configured\ Advantage: No need" xmpDM:startTime="2333800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for the external switch in some cases VEB vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM VEPA vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="2333800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging Where should most of the tenant isolation take place? VM vendors: S/W NICs in Hypervisor w Virtual Edge" xmpDM:startTime="2359600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bridge (VEB)(overhead, not ext manageable, not all features) Switch Vendors: Switch provides virtual channels for inter-VM Communications using virtual Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="2359600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="port aggregator (VEPA): 802.1Qbg" xmpDM:startTime="2359600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(s/w upgrade) NIC Vendors: NIC provides virtual ports using Single-Route I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) on PCI bus vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2" xmpDM:startTime="2359600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="pNIC Hypervisor pM vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEPA pNIC pM pSwitch vM1 vM2 vNIC1 vNIC2 VEB pNIC pM" xmpDM:startTime="2359600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012" xmpDM:startTime="2364167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="standard for vSwitch Two modes for vSwitches to handle local VM-to-VM traffic: Virtual Edge Bridge (VEB): Switch internally." xmpDM:startTime="2364167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA): Switch externally VEB could be in a hypervisor or network interface card may learn or" xmpDM:startTime="2364167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="may be configured with the MAC addresses VEB may participate in spanning tree or may be configured\ Advantage: No need" xmpDM:startTime="2364167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for the external switch in some cases VEB vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM VEPA vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="2364167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) VEPA simply relays all traffic to an external bridge External bridge forwards the traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Called “Hairpin Mode.”" xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Returns local VM traffic back to VEPA Note: Legacy bridges do not allow traffic to be sent back to the" xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="incoming port within the same VLAN VEPA Advantages: Visibility: External bridge can see VM to VM traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Policy Enforcement: Better." xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="firewall Performance: Simpler vSwitch Þ Less load on CPU Management: Easier Both VEB and VEPA can be implemented on the" xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same NIC in the same server and can be cascaded." xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2382867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge IEEE 802.1Qbg-2012" xmpDM:startTime="2416633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="standard for vSwitch Two modes for vSwitches to handle local VM-to-VM traffic: Virtual Edge Bridge (VEB): Switch internally." xmpDM:startTime="2416633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA): Switch externally VEB could be in a hypervisor or network interface card may learn or" xmpDM:startTime="2416633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="may be configured with the MAC addresses VEB may participate in spanning tree or may be configured\ Advantage: No need" xmpDM:startTime="2416633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="for the external switch in some cases VEB vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM VEPA vSwitch pSwitch VM VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="2416633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) VEPA simply relays all traffic to an external bridge External bridge forwards the traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Called “Hairpin Mode.”" xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Returns local VM traffic back to VEPA Note: Legacy bridges do not allow traffic to be sent back to the" xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="incoming port within the same VLAN VEPA Advantages: Visibility: External bridge can see VM to VM traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Policy Enforcement: Better." xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="firewall Performance: Simpler vSwitch Þ Less load on CPU Management: Easier Both VEB and VEPA can be implemented on the" xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same NIC in the same server and can be cascaded." xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2482333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Used in computers for I/O – storage, video, network cards Designed by PCI Special Interest" xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Group (PCI-SIG) PCI Express (PCIe): Serial point-to-point interconnect with multiple lanes, 4 pins per lane." xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="X1=1 Lane, x32=32 lanes 2 GB/s/lane." xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Root complex is the head of connection to CPU Physical Function (PF): Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Video, … A PCIe card" xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="can provide multiple virtual functions (VFs) of the same type as PF, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="one 10Gbps pNIC = 2× 5Gbps vNICs Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Emerick, “PCI Express IO Virtualization Overview,” SNIA Education, 2012, http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/RonEmerick_PCI_Express_IO_Virtualization.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(Excellent)" xmpDM:startTime="2483833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) VEPA simply relays all traffic to an external bridge External bridge forwards the traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Called “Hairpin Mode.”" xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Returns local VM traffic back to VEPA Note: Legacy bridges do not allow traffic to be sent back to the" xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="incoming port within the same VLAN VEPA Advantages: Visibility: External bridge can see VM to VM traffic." xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Policy Enforcement: Better." xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="firewall Performance: Simpler vSwitch Þ Less load on CPU Management: Easier Both VEB and VEPA can be implemented on the" xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same NIC in the same server and can be cascaded." xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2485600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Used in computers for I/O – storage, video, network cards Designed by PCI Special Interest" xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Group (PCI-SIG) PCI Express (PCIe): Serial point-to-point interconnect with multiple lanes, 4 pins per lane." xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="X1=1 Lane, x32=32 lanes 2 GB/s/lane." xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Root complex is the head of connection to CPU Physical Function (PF): Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Video, … A PCIe card" xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="can provide multiple virtual functions (VFs) of the same type as PF, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="one 10Gbps pNIC = 2× 5Gbps vNICs Ref: R." xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Emerick, “PCI Express IO Virtualization Overview,” SNIA Education, 2012, http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/RonEmerick_PCI_Express_IO_Virtualization.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(Excellent)" xmpDM:startTime="2487400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) After configuration by hypervisor, VFs allow direct VM access without hypervisor overhead Single Root Þ" xmpDM:startTime="2931867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single hardware domain Þ In one Server VF2 PF VF1 VM Root Complex Ethernet VF2 PF VF1 Fibre Channel CPU" xmpDM:startTime="2931867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Core(s) CPU Core(s) Hypervisor PF PF VF1 VF1 VM VF2 VF2 Ref: Intel, “PCI-SIG SR-IOV Primer,” Jan 2011, http://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/application-note/pci-sig-sr-iov-primer-sr-iov-technology-paper.pdf" xmpDM:startTime="2931867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2931867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-Root IOV Multiple external PCIe devices accessible via a switch Move PCIe adapter out of the server into a switching" xmpDM:startTime="3141833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="fabric Allows adapters to serve many physical servers Used with rack mounted or blade servers Fewer adapters  Less cooling." xmpDM:startTime="3141833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No adapters  Thinner servers Root Complex VM IOV Enabled PCIe Switch IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Switch" xmpDM:startTime="3141833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Device VM Root Complex VM" xmpDM:startTime="3141833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="VM Root Complex VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="3141833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Combining Bridges Problem: Number of VMs is growing very fast Need switches with very large number of ports Easy to" xmpDM:startTime="3290867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="manage one bridge than 100 10-port bridges How to make very large switches ~1000 ports? Solutions: Multiple pswitches to form" xmpDM:startTime="3290867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a single switch Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) Virtual Switching System (VSS) Virtual PortChannels (vPC) Fabric Extension (FEX) Virtual Bridge Port" xmpDM:startTime="3290867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Extension (VBE)" xmpDM:startTime="3290867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) VMware idea to solve the scalability issue A centralized DVS controller manages vSwitches on many physical" xmpDM:startTime="3292800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="hosts DVS decouples the control and data plane of the switch so that each VM has a virtual data plane" xmpDM:startTime="3292800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(virtual Ethernet module or VEM) managed by a centralized control plane (virtual Switch Module or VSM) Appears like a single" xmpDM:startTime="3292800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distributed virtual switch Allows simultaneous creation of port groups on multiple pMs Provides an API so that other networking vendors" xmpDM:startTime="3292800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="can manage vSwitches and vNICs" xmpDM:startTime="3292800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Combining Bridges Problem: Number of VMs is growing very fast Need switches with very large number of ports Easy to" xmpDM:startTime="3298767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="manage one bridge than 100 10-port bridges How to make very large switches ~1000 ports? Solutions: Multiple pswitches to form" xmpDM:startTime="3298767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a single switch Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) Virtual Switching System (VSS) Virtual PortChannels (vPC) Fabric Extension (FEX) Virtual Bridge Port" xmpDM:startTime="3298767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Extension (VBE)" xmpDM:startTime="3298767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-Root IOV Multiple external PCIe devices accessible via a switch Move PCIe adapter out of the server into a switching" xmpDM:startTime="3299967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="fabric Allows adapters to serve many physical servers Used with rack mounted or blade servers Fewer adapters  Less cooling." xmpDM:startTime="3299967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="No adapters  Thinner servers Root Complex VM IOV Enabled PCIe Switch IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Switch" xmpDM:startTime="3299967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Device IOV Enabled PCIe Device VM Root Complex VM" xmpDM:startTime="3299967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="VM Root Complex VM VM" xmpDM:startTime="3299967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Combining Bridges Problem: Number of VMs is growing very fast Need switches with very large number of ports Easy to" xmpDM:startTime="3338967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="manage one bridge than 100 10-port bridges How to make very large switches ~1000 ports? Solutions: Multiple pswitches to form" xmpDM:startTime="3338967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a single switch Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) Virtual Switching System (VSS) Virtual PortChannels (vPC) Fabric Extension (FEX) Virtual Bridge Port" xmpDM:startTime="3338967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Extension (VBE)" xmpDM:startTime="3338967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) VMware idea to solve the scalability issue A centralized DVS controller manages vSwitches on many physical" xmpDM:startTime="3456700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="hosts DVS decouples the control and data plane of the switch so that each VM has a virtual data plane" xmpDM:startTime="3456700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(virtual Ethernet module or VEM) managed by a centralized control plane (virtual Switch Module or VSM) Appears like a single" xmpDM:startTime="3456700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distributed virtual switch Allows simultaneous creation of port groups on multiple pMs Provides an API so that other networking vendors" xmpDM:startTime="3456700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="can manage vSwitches and vNICs" xmpDM:startTime="3456700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Switch System (VSS) Allows two physical switches to appear as one Although VSS is a Cisco proprietary name, several" xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vendors implement similar technologies." xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="E.g.," xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Switch Bonding by Enterasys." xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Implemented in Firmware  No degradation in performance Only one control plane is active." xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data-plane capacity is doubled." xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Both switches are kept in sync to enable inter-chassis stateful switchover and non-stop forwarding in case of failure pSwitch pSwitch" xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vSwitch Virtual Switch Link (VSL)" xmpDM:startTime="4004967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
                     </xmpDM:markers>
                  </rdf:Description>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>
                  <rdf:Description xmpDM:trackType="TableOfContents" xmpDM:frameRate="f1000" xmpDM:trackName="Table of Contents">
                     <xmpDM:markers>
                        <rdf:Seq>
                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Data Center Networks: Virtual Bridging" xmpDM:startTime="0" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="0" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="0, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Overview" xmpDM:startTime="13433" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="1" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="75, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtualization" xmpDM:startTime="34200" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="2" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Virtual?" xmpDM:startTime="95767" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="3" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 Reasons to Virtualize" xmpDM:startTime="191000" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="4" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Advantages of Virtualization" xmpDM:startTime="323200" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="5" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="375, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtualization in Computing" xmpDM:startTime="551300" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="6" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="450, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server Virtualization Concepts" xmpDM:startTime="773500" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="7" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="525, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtualization in Computing" xmpDM:startTime="778500" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="8" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="600, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server Virtualization Concepts" xmpDM:startTime="781633" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="9" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="675, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Virtualization" xmpDM:startTime="965433" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="10" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="750, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Levels of Network Virtualization" xmpDM:startTime="1290633" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="11" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="825, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Virtualization Techniques" xmpDM:startTime="1392967" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="12" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="900, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vSwitch" xmpDM:startTime="1549567" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="13" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="975, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging" xmpDM:startTime="1826633" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="14" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1050, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2109633" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="15" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1125, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging" xmpDM:startTime="2116467" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="16" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1200, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2118233" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="17" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1275, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging" xmpDM:startTime="2120833" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="18" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1350, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="vSwitch" xmpDM:startTime="2144267" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="19" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1425, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging" xmpDM:startTime="2145667" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="20" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1500, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2146033" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="21" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1575, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA)" xmpDM:startTime="2252067" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="22" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1650, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2276167" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="23" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1725, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA)" xmpDM:startTime="2304400" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="24" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1800, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PCIe" xmpDM:startTime="2304900" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="25" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1875, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA)" xmpDM:startTime="2306133" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="26" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1950, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2333800" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="27" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2025, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Bridging" xmpDM:startTime="2359600" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="28" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2100, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2364167" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="29" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2175, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA)" xmpDM:startTime="2382867" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="30" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2250, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Edge Bridge" xmpDM:startTime="2416633" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="31" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2325, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA)" xmpDM:startTime="2482333" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="32" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2400, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PCIe" xmpDM:startTime="2483833" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="33" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2475, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA)" xmpDM:startTime="2485600" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="34" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2550, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PCIe" xmpDM:startTime="2487400" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="35" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2625, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)" xmpDM:startTime="2931867" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="36" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2700, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-Root IOV" xmpDM:startTime="3141833" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="37" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2775, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Combining Bridges" xmpDM:startTime="3290867" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="38" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2850, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS)" xmpDM:startTime="3292800" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="39" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2925, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Combining Bridges" xmpDM:startTime="3298767" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="40" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3000, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-Root IOV" xmpDM:startTime="3299967" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="41" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3075, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Combining Bridges" xmpDM:startTime="3338967" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="42" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS)" xmpDM:startTime="3456700" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="43" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Virtual Switch System (VSS)" xmpDM:startTime="4004967" tscDM:image="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="44" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
                     </xmpDM:markers>
                  </rdf:Description>
               </rdf:li>
            </rdf:Bag>
         </xmpDM:Tracks>
         <tscDM:controller>
            <rdf:Description xmpDM:name="tscplayer">
               <tscDM:parameters>
                  <rdf:Bag>
                     <rdf:li xmpDM:name="autohide" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="autoplay" xmpDM:value="true"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="loop" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="searchable" xmpDM:value="true"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="captionsenabled" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="sidebarenabled" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="unicodeenabled" xmpDM:value="false"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="backgroundcolor" xmpDM:value="000000"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="sidebarlocation" xmpDM:value="left"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="endaction" xmpDM:value="stop"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="endactionparam" xmpDM:value="true"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="locale" xmpDM:value="en-US"/></rdf:Bag>
               </tscDM:parameters>
               <tscDM:controllerText>
                  <rdf:Bag>
                  </rdf:Bag>
               </tscDM:controllerText>
            </rdf:Description>
         </tscDM:controller>
         <tscDM:contentList>
            <rdf:Description>
               <tscDM:files>
                  <rdf:Seq>
                     <rdf:li xmpDM:name="0" xmpDM:value="m_07avb1.mp4"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="1" xmpDM:value="m_07avb1_First_Frame.png"/><rdf:li xmpDM:name="2" xmpDM:value="m_07avb1_Thumbnails.png"/></rdf:Seq>
               </tscDM:files>
            </rdf:Description>
         </tscDM:contentList>
      </rdf:Description>
   </rdf:RDF>
</x:xmpmeta>