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xmpDM:startTime="587167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="labels." xmpDM:startTime="587167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Border gateway protocol (BGP) labels outside." xmpDM:startTime="587167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bottom label may indicate protocol (0=IPv4, 2=IPv6) L2 Header LSE 1 LSE 2 LSE n ..." xmpDM:startTime="587167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Label A B A B C C A B" xmpDM:startTime="587167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Label Stacking Label stacking allows: Multiple levels of carriers." xmpDM:startTime="596300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multiple VPNs in a single LSP Multiple types of traffic in a single LSP Subscriber Service Provider Backbone Provider Service" xmpDM:startTime="596300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Provider Subscriber Backbone LSP Service Provider LSP Subscriber LSP VPN1 MPLS LSP VPN2 VPN3" xmpDM:startTime="596300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Traffic Engineering MPLS paths can be provisioned to follow a specific path (no need to use shortest path) Resources" xmpDM:startTime="596767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="on the path can be reserved Multiple parallel LSPs can be established between the same pair of nodes Fault recovery" xmpDM:startTime="596767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="via shifting traffic to standby LSPs" xmpDM:startTime="596767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet Allows 220 Label switched paths (LSP) Each path can have reserved capacity Þ Guaranteed QoS" xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Explicit paths can be designed for specific traffic going to the same destination  Traffic Engineering Alternate paths used if" xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="anything on the primary path fails  Fast Reroute  MPLS became a very popular Dest." xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Next Hop Type /Len MPLS Tag Customer Src." xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Rest of IP Datagram Src." xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Customer Dest." xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Ethernet CRC Label Experimental CoS/Drop-Preced." xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Stack Position 1  Bottom Time to Live 48b 48b 16b 32b 32b 32b 32b 20b 3b 1b 8b Carrier" xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network PE CE CE PE PE= Provider Edge CE = Customer Edge" xmpDM:startTime="597100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="597667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="597667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="597667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="598167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="614667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="614667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="614667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet Allows 220 Label switched paths (LSP) Each path can have reserved capacity Þ Guaranteed QoS" xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Explicit paths can be designed for specific traffic going to the same destination  Traffic Engineering Alternate paths used if" xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="anything on the primary path fails  Fast Reroute  MPLS became a very popular Dest." xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Next Hop Type /Len MPLS Tag Customer Src." xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Rest of IP Datagram Src." xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Customer Dest." xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Ethernet CRC Label Experimental CoS/Drop-Preced." xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Stack Position 1  Bottom Time to Live 48b 48b 16b 32b 32b 32b 32b 20b 3b 1b 8b Carrier" xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network PE CE CE PE PE= Provider Edge CE = Customer Edge" xmpDM:startTime="615167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="617633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="617633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="617633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="635500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="796367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="796367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="796367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="850700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="912200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="912200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="912200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="969467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="1011733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="1011733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="1011733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="1037300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="1044600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="1044600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="1044600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet Allows 220 Label switched paths (LSP) Each path can have reserved capacity Þ Guaranteed QoS" xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Explicit paths can be designed for specific traffic going to the same destination  Traffic Engineering Alternate paths used if" xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="anything on the primary path fails  Fast Reroute  MPLS became a very popular Dest." xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Next Hop Type /Len MPLS Tag Customer Src." xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Rest of IP Datagram Src." xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Customer Dest." xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Ethernet CRC Label Experimental CoS/Drop-Preced." xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Stack Position 1  Bottom Time to Live 48b 48b 16b 32b 32b 32b 32b 20b 3b 1b 8b Carrier" xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network PE CE CE PE PE= Provider Edge CE = Customer Edge" xmpDM:startTime="1045000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="1084933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="1084933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="1084933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="1121667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="1123833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="1123833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="1123833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet Allows 220 Label switched paths (LSP) Each path can have reserved capacity Þ Guaranteed QoS" xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Explicit paths can be designed for specific traffic going to the same destination  Traffic Engineering Alternate paths used if" xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="anything on the primary path fails  Fast Reroute  MPLS became a very popular Dest." xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Next Hop Type /Len MPLS Tag Customer Src." xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Rest of IP Datagram Src." xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Adr Customer Dest." xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Adr Ethernet CRC Label Experimental CoS/Drop-Preced." xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Stack Position 1  Bottom Time to Live 48b 48b 16b 32b 32b 32b 32b 20b 3b 1b 8b Carrier" xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network PE CE CE PE PE= Provider Edge CE = Customer Edge" xmpDM:startTime="1124100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet ATM Network Frame Relay Network Ethernet A B" xmpDM:startTime="1240800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP Network Ethernet Ethernet [Control] Tunnel Hdr How to de-assemble payload MPLS/GRE/L2TP - How to get to egress CE1 PE2" xmpDM:startTime="1240800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="CE2 Pseudo Wires PE1 Emulated Service Demux Field Payload Type Tunnel" xmpDM:startTime="1240800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Multiple pseudo-wires per MPLS LSP Þ Core routers use outer “path”" xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="label and not inner “VC” label PW (VC) label format is same as MPLS label with End-of-Stack=1 and TTL=1." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW label is inserted/removed at the edge." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Payload ID (PID): 5=Untagged Ethernet, 4=VLAN tagged, … 4VLAN tag put by carrier and customers may or may not be" xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="relevant for forwarding." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Determined administratively by PE." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Flags: Payload specific." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="FRG: Used for fragmentation Pause frames are obeyed locally." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Not transported." xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet Frame w/o FCS [Control] PW Label MPLS Label PID Flags FRG Length Sequence # 4b 4b 2b 6b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PW1 MPLS LSP PW2 PW3" xmpDM:startTime="1323367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Summary SONET, SDH, and PDH networks were designed for voice traffic MPLS is used carriers to provide reliability and throughput" xmpDM:startTime="1386633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="guarantees similar to their previous networks MPLS-TP is designed with OAM required for carriers" xmpDM:startTime="1386633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Reading List Karthik Ramasamy, Deep Medhi, &quot;Network Routing,&quot; 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, September 2017, ISBN: 9780128008294 (Safari Book), Chapter 22:" xmpDM:startTime="1486300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS." xmpDM:startTime="1486300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1486300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="References Krzysztof Grzegorz Szarkowicz, Antonio Sanchez Monge, &quot;MPLS in the SDN Era,&quot; O'Reilly Media, Inc.," xmpDM:startTime="1540500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="December 2015, 920 pp.," xmpDM:startTime="1540500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ISBN:978-1-4919-0545-6 (Safari Book)." xmpDM:startTime="1540500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1540500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Wikipedia Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label-switched_path" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_protection" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPLS-TP" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Label_Switching" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations,_administration_and_management" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_Carrier_transmission_rates" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_Transport_Network" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_protection" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiochronous_digital_hierarchy" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridge_Traffic_Engineering" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-wire" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_optical_networking" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_policing" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms ANSI American National Standards Institute BGP Border Gateway Protocol CE Customer Edge FCS Frame Check Sequence FEC Frame Equivalence" xmpDM:startTime="1575100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Class FRG Fragment Bit GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation ID Identifier IGP Interior Gateway Protocol IP" xmpDM:startTime="1575100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Internet Protocols ITU International Telecommunications Union LDP Label Distribution Protocol LER Label Edge Router" xmpDM:startTime="1575100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms (Cont) LFIB Label Forwarding Information Base LSE Label Stack Entry LSP Label Switched Paths LSR Label Switching Router MPLS" xmpDM:startTime="1576000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Multi-Protocol Label Switching OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance OC Optical Carrier OSPF Open Shortest Path First PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy" xmpDM:startTime="1576000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="PE Provider Edge PID Protocol ID PW Pseudo-Wire PWE3 Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge" xmpDM:startTime="1576000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms (Cont) QoS Quality of Service SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDN Software Defined Networking SONET Synchronous optical network TE Traffic" xmpDM:startTime="1576467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Engineering TP Transport Profile TTL Time to Live VC Virtual Circuit VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VPN Virtual Private Network" xmpDM:startTime="1576467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1576467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Scan This to Download These Slides thankyou Raj Jain http://rajjain.com" xmpDM:startTime="1577033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1577033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
                     </xmpDM:markers>
                  </rdf:Description>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>
                  <rdf:Description xmpDM:trackType="TableOfContents" xmpDM:frameRate="f1000" xmpDM:trackName="Table of Contents">
                     <xmpDM:markers>
                        <rdf:Seq>
                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="0" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="0" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="0, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="6200" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="1" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="75, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="20667" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="2" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS" xmpDM:startTime="407600" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="3" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="508300" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="4" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="508767" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="5" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="375, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Traffic Engineering" xmpDM:startTime="509267" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="6" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="450, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Label Stacking" xmpDM:startTime="509733" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="7" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="525, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Label Stacks" xmpDM:startTime="510400" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="8" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="600, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Concepts" xmpDM:startTime="511000" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="9" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="675, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Label Stacks" xmpDM:startTime="517367" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="10" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="750, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Label Stacking" xmpDM:startTime="517700" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="11" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="825, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Traffic Engineering" xmpDM:startTime="518033" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="12" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="900, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="518433" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="13" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="975, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="520133" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="14" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1050, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS" xmpDM:startTime="521033" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="15" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1125, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="570200" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="16" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1200, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="570900" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="17" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1275, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Traffic Engineering" xmpDM:startTime="573000" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="18" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1350, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Label Stacking" xmpDM:startTime="573500" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="19" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1425, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Label Stacks" xmpDM:startTime="587167" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="20" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1500, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Label Stacking" xmpDM:startTime="596300" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="21" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1575, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="MPLS Traffic Engineering" xmpDM:startTime="596767" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="22" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1650, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="597100" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="23" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1725, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="597667" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="24" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1800, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ethernet over PWE3 over MPLS" xmpDM:startTime="598167" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="25" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1875, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Pseudo Wire: L2 Circuits over IP" xmpDM:startTime="614667" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="26" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1950, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP over MPLS over Ethernet" xmpDM:startTime="615167" tscDM:image="m_05cip2_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="27" 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