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Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1062933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1062933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1062933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1062933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1065967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types Type Message 0 Echo reply 3 Destination unreachable 4 Source quench 5 Redirect 8 Echo request 11" xmpDM:startTime="1066333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time exceeded 12 Parameter unintelligible 13 Time-stamp request 14 Time-stamp reply 15 Information request 16 Information reply 17 Address mask" xmpDM:startTime="1066333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="request 18 Address mask reply IP Header Type of Message Error Code Checksum Parameters, if any Information 8b 8b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1066333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Var Var" xmpDM:startTime="1066333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol Required companion to IP." xmpDM:startTime="1211867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Provides feedback from the network." xmpDM:startTime="1211867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Used by IP to send error and control messages ICMP uses IP to send its messages (Not UDP) ICMP" xmpDM:startTime="1211867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="does not report errors on ICMP messages." xmpDM:startTime="1211867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP reports error only on the first fragment ICMP Header ICMP Data IP Header IP Data Datalink Header Datalink Data" xmpDM:startTime="1211867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1211867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types Type Message 0 Echo reply 3 Destination unreachable 4 Source quench 5 Redirect 8 Echo request 11" xmpDM:startTime="1213267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time exceeded 12 Parameter unintelligible 13 Time-stamp request 14 Time-stamp reply 15 Information request 16 Information reply 17 Address mask" xmpDM:startTime="1213267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="request 18 Address mask reply IP Header Type of Message Error Code Checksum Parameters, if any Information 8b 8b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1213267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Var Var" xmpDM:startTime="1213267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1213333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1215100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1256567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types Type Message 0 Echo reply 3 Destination unreachable 4 Source quench 5 Redirect 8 Echo request 11" xmpDM:startTime="1258100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time exceeded 12 Parameter unintelligible 13 Time-stamp request 14 Time-stamp reply 15 Information request 16 Information reply 17 Address mask" xmpDM:startTime="1258100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="request 18 Address mask reply IP Header Type of Message Error Code Checksum Parameters, if any Information 8b 8b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1258100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Var Var" xmpDM:startTime="1258100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1266233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1330067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types Type Message 0 Echo reply 3 Destination unreachable 4 Source quench 5 Redirect 8 Echo request 11" xmpDM:startTime="1333267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time exceeded 12 Parameter unintelligible 13 Time-stamp request 14 Time-stamp reply 15 Information request 16 Information reply 17 Address mask" xmpDM:startTime="1333267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="request 18 Address mask reply IP Header Type of Message Error Code Checksum Parameters, if any Information 8b 8b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1333267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Var Var" xmpDM:startTime="1333267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1351900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A: ICMP [14 points] Download the Wireshark traces from http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark-labs/wireshark-traces.zip" xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Open icmp-ethereal-trace-1 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Select View  Expand All." xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 3." xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is the IP address of your host? What is the IP address of the destination host? Why is it" xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="that an ICMP packet does not have source and destination port numbers? What are the ICMP type and code numbers?" xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What other fields does this ICMP packet have? How many bytes are the checksum, sequence number and identifier fields?" xmpDM:startTime="1357300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1376300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types Type Message 0 Echo reply 3 Destination unreachable 4 Source quench 5 Redirect 8 Echo request 11" xmpDM:startTime="1376833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time exceeded 12 Parameter unintelligible 13 Time-stamp request 14 Time-stamp reply 15 Information request 16 Information reply 17 Address mask" xmpDM:startTime="1376833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="request 18 Address mask reply IP Header Type of Message Error Code Checksum Parameters, if any Information 8b 8b 16b" xmpDM:startTime="1376833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Var Var" xmpDM:startTime="1376833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages Source Quench: Please slow down! I just dropped one of your datagrams." xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Time Exceeded: Time to live field in one of your packets became zero.”" xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or “Reassembly timer expired at the destination." xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fragmentation Required: Datagram was longer than MTU and “No Fragment bit” was set." xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address Mask Request/Reply: What is the subnet mask on this net? Replied by “Address mask agent” PING uses ICMP echo" xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracert uses TTL expired Ref: Read Section 5.6" xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try erview questions R19-R20." xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1382233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A: ICMP [14 points] Download the Wireshark traces from http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark-labs/wireshark-traces.zip" xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Open icmp-ethereal-trace-1 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Select View  Expand All." xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 3." xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is the IP address of your host? What is the IP address of the destination host? Why is it" xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="that an ICMP packet does not have source and destination port numbers? What are the ICMP type and code numbers?" xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What other fields does this ICMP packet have? How many bytes are the checksum, sequence number and identifier fields?" xmpDM:startTime="1383133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A (Cont) Examine Frame 4." xmpDM:startTime="1384800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What are the ICMP type and code numbers? Open icmp-ethereal-trace-2 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="1384800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 2." xmpDM:startTime="1384800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What fields are included in this ICMP error packet? Examine Frames 100, 101, and 102." xmpDM:startTime="1384800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How are these packets different from the ICMP error packet 2? Why are they not error packets?" xmpDM:startTime="1384800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management What is Network Management? Components of Network Management How is Network Managed? SNMP protocol Overview" xmpDM:startTime="1387867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A (Cont) Examine Frame 4." xmpDM:startTime="1389433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What are the ICMP type and code numbers? Open icmp-ethereal-trace-2 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="1389433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 2." xmpDM:startTime="1389433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What fields are included in this ICMP error packet? Examine Frames 100, 101, and 102." xmpDM:startTime="1389433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How are these packets different from the ICMP error packet 2? Why are they not error packets?" xmpDM:startTime="1389433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management What is Network Management? Components of Network Management How is Network Managed? SNMP protocol Overview" xmpDM:startTime="1399900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Network Management? Traffic on Network = Data + Control + Management Data = Bytes/Messages sent by users Control" xmpDM:startTime="1443100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="= Bytes/messages added by the system to properly transfer the data (e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="1443100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="routing messages) Management = Optional messages to ensure that the network functions properly and to handle the issues arising from" xmpDM:startTime="1443100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="malfunction of any component If all components function properly, control is still required but management is optional." xmpDM:startTime="1443100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples: Detecting failures of an interface card at a host or a router Monitoring traffic to aid in resource deployment" xmpDM:startTime="1443100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Intrusion Detection" xmpDM:startTime="1443100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Components of Network Management Fault Management: Detect, log, and respond to fault conditions Configuration Management: Track and control which devices" xmpDM:startTime="1595467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are on or off Accounting Management: Monitor resource usage for records and billing Performance Management: Measure, report, analyze, and control" xmpDM:startTime="1595467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="traffic, messages Security Management: Enforce policy for access control, authentication, and authorization FCAPS" xmpDM:startTime="1595467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Network Management? Traffic on Network = Data + Control + Management Data = Bytes/Messages sent by users Control" xmpDM:startTime="1636867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="= Bytes/messages added by the system to properly transfer the data (e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="1636867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="routing messages) Management = Optional messages to ensure that the network functions properly and to handle the issues arising from" xmpDM:startTime="1636867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="malfunction of any component If all components function properly, control is still required but management is optional." xmpDM:startTime="1636867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples: Detecting failures of an interface card at a host or a router Monitoring traffic to aid in resource deployment" xmpDM:startTime="1636867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Intrusion Detection" xmpDM:startTime="1636867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Components of Network Management Fault Management: Detect, log, and respond to fault conditions Configuration Management: Track and control which devices" xmpDM:startTime="1642233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are on or off Accounting Management: Monitor resource usage for records and billing Performance Management: Measure, report, analyze, and control" xmpDM:startTime="1642233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="traffic, messages Security Management: Enforce policy for access control, authentication, and authorization FCAPS" xmpDM:startTime="1642233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How is Network Managed? Management = Initialization, Monitoring, Control Manager, Agents, and Management Information Base (MIB) Network MIB Agent Network" xmpDM:startTime="1709500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Management Station MIB Agent MIB Agent" xmpDM:startTime="1709500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of Network Management Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Management Server (Manager) Agent Agent A MIB is defined for" xmpDM:startTime="1893600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="each device" xmpDM:startTime="1893600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Based on Simple Gateway Management Protocol (SGMP) – RFC 1028 – Nov 1987 SNMP = Simply Not My Problem" xmpDM:startTime="1951900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[Marshall Rose] Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1058, April 1988 Only Five commands Command Meaning get-request Fetch a value get-next-request" xmpDM:startTime="1951900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fetch the next value (in a tree) get-response Reply to a fetch operation set-request Store a value trap An event" xmpDM:startTime="1951900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="1951900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of Network Management Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Management Server (Manager) Agent Agent A MIB is defined for" xmpDM:startTime="2079433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="each device" xmpDM:startTime="2079433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Based on Simple Gateway Management Protocol (SGMP) – RFC 1028 – Nov 1987 SNMP = Simply Not My Problem" xmpDM:startTime="2094000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[Marshall Rose] Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1058, April 1988 Only Five commands Command Meaning get-request Fetch a value get-next-request" xmpDM:startTime="2094000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fetch the next value (in a tree) get-response Reply to a fetch operation set-request Store a value trap An event" xmpDM:startTime="2094000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2094000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP protocol Two ways to convey MIB info, commands: Agent data Managed device Managing Entity Response Agent data Managed device" xmpDM:startTime="2108267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Managing Entity Trap Msg Request Request/response mode Trap mode" xmpDM:startTime="2108267" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2140933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2228567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2228567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2228567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2228567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary Dijkstra’s algorithm allows path computation using link state Bellman Ford’s algorithm allows path computation using" xmpDM:startTime="2230733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distance vectors." xmpDM:startTime="2230733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OSPF is a link state IGP." xmpDM:startTime="2230733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP is an EGP and uses path vectors SDN controllers use various algorithms for centralized computation of path and other" xmpDM:startTime="2230733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="policies ICMP is IP control protocol is used to convey errors SNMP is the simple network management protocol to manage" xmpDM:startTime="2230733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="all devices and protocols in a network" xmpDM:startTime="2230733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2231933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2231933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2231933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2231933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2232467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2322967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2322967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2322967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2322967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary Dijkstra’s algorithm allows path computation using link state Bellman Ford’s algorithm allows path computation using" xmpDM:startTime="2362767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distance vectors." xmpDM:startTime="2362767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OSPF is a link state IGP." xmpDM:startTime="2362767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP is an EGP and uses path vectors SDN controllers use various algorithms for centralized computation of path and other" xmpDM:startTime="2362767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="policies ICMP is IP control protocol is used to convey errors SNMP is the simple network management protocol to manage" xmpDM:startTime="2362767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="all devices and protocols in a network" xmpDM:startTime="2362767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2369467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2369467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2369467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2369467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2370800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2378100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2378100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2378100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2378100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary Dijkstra’s algorithm allows path computation using link state Bellman Ford’s algorithm allows path computation using" xmpDM:startTime="2378833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distance vectors." xmpDM:startTime="2378833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OSPF is a link state IGP." xmpDM:startTime="2378833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP is an EGP and uses path vectors SDN controllers use various algorithms for centralized computation of path and other" xmpDM:startTime="2378833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="policies ICMP is IP control protocol is used to convey errors SNMP is the simple network management protocol to manage" xmpDM:startTime="2378833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="all devices and protocols in a network" xmpDM:startTime="2378833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B: ICMP Ping Programming [25 points] In this lab, you will gain a better understanding of Internet Control Message" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Protocol (ICMP)." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will learn to implement a Ping application using ICMP request and reply messages." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ping is a computer network application used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It is also used to self-test the network interface card of the computer or as a latency test." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It works by sending ICMP “echo reply” packets to the target host and listening for ICMP “echo reply” replies." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The &quot;echo reply&quot; is sometimes called a pong." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ping measures the round-trip time, records packet loss, and prints a statistical summary of the echo reply packets received (the" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minimum, maximum, and the mean of the round-trip times and in some versions the standard deviation of the mean)." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your task is to develop your own Ping application in Python." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your application will use ICMP but, in order to keep it simple, will not exactly follow the official specification in" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RFC 1739." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Note that you will only need to write the client side of the program, as the functionality needed on the" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="server side is built into almost all operating systems." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should complete the Ping application so that it sends ping requests to a specified host separated by approximately one" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="second." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each message contains a payload of data that includes a timestamp." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="After sending each packet, the application waits up to one second to receive a reply." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If one second goes by without a reply from the server, then the client assumes that either the ping packet" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or the pong packet was lost in the network (or that the server is down)." xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont) Code Below you will find the skeleton code for the client." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You are to complete the skeleton code." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The places where you need to fill in code are marked with #Fill in start and #Fill in end." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each place may require one or more lines of code." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="This code was written for Python V2.7" xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and may not run on higher versions." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Additional Notes In “receiveOnePing” method, you need to receive the structure ICMP_ECHO_REPLY and fetch the information you need, such as" xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="checksum, sequence number, time to live (TTL), etc." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Study the “sendOnePing” method before trying to complete the “receiveOnePing” method." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You do not need to be concerned about the checksum, as it is already given in the code." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="This lab requires the use of raw sockets." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In some operating systems, you may need administrator/root privileges to be able to run your Pinger program." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Testing the Pinger First, test your client by sending packets to localhost, that is, 127.0.0.1." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Then, you should see how your Pinger application communicates across the network by pinging servers in different continents." xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What to Hand in You will hand in the complete client code and screenshots of your Pinger output for four" xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="target hosts: north-america.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="europe.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="asia.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="south-america.pool.ntp.org" xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2492733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2500567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2501933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2522933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont) Code Below you will find the skeleton code for the client." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You are to complete the skeleton code." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The places where you need to fill in code are marked with #Fill in start and #Fill in end." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each place may require one or more lines of code." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="This code was written for Python V2.7" xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and may not run on higher versions." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Additional Notes In “receiveOnePing” method, you need to receive the structure ICMP_ECHO_REPLY and fetch the information you need, such as" xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="checksum, sequence number, time to live (TTL), etc." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Study the “sendOnePing” method before trying to complete the “receiveOnePing” method." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You do not need to be concerned about the checksum, as it is already given in the code." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="This lab requires the use of raw sockets." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In some operating systems, you may need administrator/root privileges to be able to run your Pinger program." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Testing the Pinger First, test your client by sending packets to localhost, that is, 127.0.0.1." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Then, you should see how your Pinger application communicates across the network by pinging servers in different continents." xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What to Hand in You will hand in the complete client code and screenshots of your Pinger output for four" xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="target hosts: north-america.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="europe.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="asia.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="south-america.pool.ntp.org" xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2523400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B: ICMP Ping Programming [25 points] In this lab, you will gain a better understanding of Internet Control Message" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Protocol (ICMP)." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will learn to implement a Ping application using ICMP request and reply messages." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ping is a computer network application used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It is also used to self-test the network interface card of the computer or as a latency test." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It works by sending ICMP “echo reply” packets to the target host and listening for ICMP “echo reply” replies." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The &quot;echo reply&quot; is sometimes called a pong." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ping measures the round-trip time, records packet loss, and prints a statistical summary of the echo reply packets received (the" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minimum, maximum, and the mean of the round-trip times and in some versions the standard deviation of the mean)." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your task is to develop your own Ping application in Python." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your application will use ICMP but, in order to keep it simple, will not exactly follow the official specification in" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RFC 1739." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Note that you will only need to write the client side of the program, as the functionality needed on the" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="server side is built into almost all operating systems." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should complete the Ping application so that it sends ping requests to a specified host separated by approximately one" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="second." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each message contains a payload of data that includes a timestamp." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="After sending each packet, the application waits up to one second to receive a reply." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If one second goes by without a reply from the server, then the client assumes that either the ping packet" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or the pong packet was lost in the network (or that the server is down)." xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2528033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary Dijkstra’s algorithm allows path computation using link state Bellman Ford’s algorithm allows path computation using" xmpDM:startTime="2566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distance vectors." xmpDM:startTime="2566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OSPF is a link state IGP." xmpDM:startTime="2566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP is an EGP and uses path vectors SDN controllers use various algorithms for centralized computation of path and other" xmpDM:startTime="2566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="policies ICMP is IP control protocol is used to convey errors SNMP is the simple network management protocol to manage" xmpDM:startTime="2566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="all devices and protocols in a network" xmpDM:startTime="2566200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2566833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2566833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2566833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2566833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2566933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP protocol Two ways to convey MIB info, commands: Agent data Managed device Managing Entity Response Agent data Managed device" xmpDM:startTime="2567133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Managing Entity Trap Msg Request Request/response mode Trap mode" xmpDM:startTime="2567133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Based on Simple Gateway Management Protocol (SGMP) – RFC 1028 – Nov 1987 SNMP = Simply Not My Problem" xmpDM:startTime="2567333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[Marshall Rose] Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1058, April 1988 Only Five commands Command Meaning get-request Fetch a value get-next-request" xmpDM:startTime="2567333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fetch the next value (in a tree) get-response Reply to a fetch operation set-request Store a value trap An event" xmpDM:startTime="2567333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2567333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of Network Management Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Management Server (Manager) Agent Agent A MIB is defined for" xmpDM:startTime="2567467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="each device" xmpDM:startTime="2567467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How is Network Managed? Management = Initialization, Monitoring, Control Manager, Agents, and Management Information Base (MIB) Network MIB Agent Network" xmpDM:startTime="2567700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Management Station MIB Agent MIB Agent" xmpDM:startTime="2567700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Components of Network Management Fault Management: Detect, log, and respond to fault conditions Configuration Management: Track and control which devices" xmpDM:startTime="2567933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are on or off Accounting Management: Monitor resource usage for records and billing Performance Management: Measure, report, analyze, and control" xmpDM:startTime="2567933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="traffic, messages Security Management: Enforce policy for access control, authentication, and authorization FCAPS" xmpDM:startTime="2567933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Network Management? Traffic on Network = Data + Control + Management Data = Bytes/Messages sent by users Control" xmpDM:startTime="2568167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="= Bytes/messages added by the system to properly transfer the data (e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2568167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="routing messages) Management = Optional messages to ensure that the network functions properly and to handle the issues arising from" xmpDM:startTime="2568167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="malfunction of any component If all components function properly, control is still required but management is optional." xmpDM:startTime="2568167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples: Detecting failures of an interface card at a host or a router Monitoring traffic to aid in resource deployment" xmpDM:startTime="2568167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Intrusion Detection" xmpDM:startTime="2568167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management What is Network Management? Components of Network Management How is Network Managed? SNMP protocol Overview" xmpDM:startTime="2568333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A (Cont) Examine Frame 4." xmpDM:startTime="2568633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What are the ICMP type and code numbers? Open icmp-ethereal-trace-2 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="2568633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 2." xmpDM:startTime="2568633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What fields are included in this ICMP error packet? Examine Frames 100, 101, and 102." xmpDM:startTime="2568633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How are these packets different from the ICMP error packet 2? Why are they not error packets?" xmpDM:startTime="2568633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A: ICMP [14 points] Download the Wireshark traces from http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark-labs/wireshark-traces.zip" xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Open icmp-ethereal-trace-1 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Select View  Expand All." xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 3." xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is the IP address of your host? What is the IP address of the destination host? Why is it" xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="that an ICMP packet does not have source and destination port numbers? What are the ICMP type and code numbers?" xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What other fields does this ICMP packet have? How many bytes are the checksum, sequence number and identifier fields?" xmpDM:startTime="2569100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example C:\&gt;tracert www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Tracing route to www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 192.168.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2 12 ms 10 ms 9 ms bras4-l0.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.182.113]" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="3 10 ms 8 ms 8 ms dist2-vlan60.stlsmo.sbcglobal.net" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[151.164.14.163]" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="4 9 ms 7 ms 7 ms 151.164.93.224" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="5 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.93.49" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="6 25 ms 22 ms 22 ms 151.164.251.226" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="7 30 ms 28 ms 28 ms 209.85.254.128" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="8 61 ms 57 ms 58 ms 72.14.236.26" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="9 54 ms 52 ms 51 ms 209.85.254.226" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="10 79 ms 160 ms 67 ms 209.85.254.237" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="11 66 ms 57 ms 68 ms 64.233.175.14" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12 60 ms 58 ms 58 ms qw-in-f147.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[74.125.93.147]" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace complete." xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2569467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A: ICMP [14 points] Download the Wireshark traces from http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/wireshark-labs/wireshark-traces.zip" xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Open icmp-ethereal-trace-1 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Select View  Expand All." xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 3." xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is the IP address of your host? What is the IP address of the destination host? Why is it" xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="that an ICMP packet does not have source and destination port numbers? What are the ICMP type and code numbers?" xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What other fields does this ICMP packet have? How many bytes are the checksum, sequence number and identifier fields?" xmpDM:startTime="2582100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A (Cont) Examine Frame 4." xmpDM:startTime="2582500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What are the ICMP type and code numbers? Open icmp-ethereal-trace-2 in Wireshark." xmpDM:startTime="2582500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Answer the following questions: Examine Frame 2." xmpDM:startTime="2582500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What fields are included in this ICMP error packet? Examine Frames 100, 101, and 102." xmpDM:startTime="2582500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How are these packets different from the ICMP error packet 2? Why are they not error packets?" xmpDM:startTime="2582500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management What is Network Management? Components of Network Management How is Network Managed? SNMP protocol Overview" xmpDM:startTime="2582933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Network Management? Traffic on Network = Data + Control + Management Data = Bytes/Messages sent by users Control" xmpDM:startTime="2583533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="= Bytes/messages added by the system to properly transfer the data (e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2583533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="routing messages) Management = Optional messages to ensure that the network functions properly and to handle the issues arising from" xmpDM:startTime="2583533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="malfunction of any component If all components function properly, control is still required but management is optional." xmpDM:startTime="2583533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Examples: Detecting failures of an interface card at a host or a router Monitoring traffic to aid in resource deployment" xmpDM:startTime="2583533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Intrusion Detection" xmpDM:startTime="2583533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Components of Network Management Fault Management: Detect, log, and respond to fault conditions Configuration Management: Track and control which devices" xmpDM:startTime="2584133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are on or off Accounting Management: Monitor resource usage for records and billing Performance Management: Measure, report, analyze, and control" xmpDM:startTime="2584133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="traffic, messages Security Management: Enforce policy for access control, authentication, and authorization FCAPS" xmpDM:startTime="2584133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How is Network Managed? Management = Initialization, Monitoring, Control Manager, Agents, and Management Information Base (MIB) Network MIB Agent Network" xmpDM:startTime="2584800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Management Station MIB Agent MIB Agent" xmpDM:startTime="2584800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of Network Management Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Router (Agent) Management Server (Manager) Agent Agent A MIB is defined for" xmpDM:startTime="2585167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="each device" xmpDM:startTime="2585167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Based on Simple Gateway Management Protocol (SGMP) – RFC 1028 – Nov 1987 SNMP = Simply Not My Problem" xmpDM:startTime="2585467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="[Marshall Rose] Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1058, April 1988 Only Five commands Command Meaning get-request Fetch a value get-next-request" xmpDM:startTime="2585467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Fetch the next value (in a tree) get-response Reply to a fetch operation set-request Store a value trap An event" xmpDM:startTime="2585467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2585467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP protocol Two ways to convey MIB info, commands: Agent data Managed device Managing Entity Response Agent data Managed device" xmpDM:startTime="2585800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Managing Entity Trap Msg Request Request/response mode Trap mode" xmpDM:startTime="2585800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2586533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management: Summary Management = Initialization, Monitoring, and Control Standard MIBs defined for each object SNMP = Only 5 commands" xmpDM:startTime="2586933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="in the first version Ref: Read Section 5.7" xmpDM:startTime="2586933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the textbook and try review questions R21-R23." xmpDM:startTime="2586933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2586933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary Dijkstra’s algorithm allows path computation using link state Bellman Ford’s algorithm allows path computation using" xmpDM:startTime="2587600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distance vectors." xmpDM:startTime="2587600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OSPF is a link state IGP." xmpDM:startTime="2587600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BGP is an EGP and uses path vectors SDN controllers use various algorithms for centralized computation of path and other" xmpDM:startTime="2587600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="policies ICMP is IP control protocol is used to convey errors SNMP is the simple network management protocol to manage" xmpDM:startTime="2587600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="all devices and protocols in a network" xmpDM:startTime="2587600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B: ICMP Ping Programming [25 points] In this lab, you will gain a better understanding of Internet Control Message" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Protocol (ICMP)." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will learn to implement a Ping application using ICMP request and reply messages." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ping is a computer network application used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It is also used to self-test the network interface card of the computer or as a latency test." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="It works by sending ICMP “echo reply” packets to the target host and listening for ICMP “echo reply” replies." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The &quot;echo reply&quot; is sometimes called a pong." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Ping measures the round-trip time, records packet loss, and prints a statistical summary of the echo reply packets received (the" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="minimum, maximum, and the mean of the round-trip times and in some versions the standard deviation of the mean)." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your task is to develop your own Ping application in Python." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your application will use ICMP but, in order to keep it simple, will not exactly follow the official specification in" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RFC 1739." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Note that you will only need to write the client side of the program, as the functionality needed on the" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="server side is built into almost all operating systems." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should complete the Ping application so that it sends ping requests to a specified host separated by approximately one" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="second." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each message contains a payload of data that includes a timestamp." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="After sending each packet, the application waits up to one second to receive a reply." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="If one second goes by without a reply from the server, then the client assumes that either the ping packet" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or the pong packet was lost in the network (or that the server is down)." xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2587900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont) Code Below you will find the skeleton code for the client." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You are to complete the skeleton code." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The places where you need to fill in code are marked with #Fill in start and #Fill in end." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Each place may require one or more lines of code." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="This code was written for Python V2.7" xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and may not run on higher versions." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Additional Notes In “receiveOnePing” method, you need to receive the structure ICMP_ECHO_REPLY and fetch the information you need, such as" xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="checksum, sequence number, time to live (TTL), etc." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Study the “sendOnePing” method before trying to complete the “receiveOnePing” method." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You do not need to be concerned about the checksum, as it is already given in the code." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="This lab requires the use of raw sockets." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In some operating systems, you may need administrator/root privileges to be able to run your Pinger program." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Testing the Pinger First, test your client by sending packets to localhost, that is, 127.0.0.1." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Then, you should see how your Pinger application communicates across the network by pinging servers in different continents." xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What to Hand in You will hand in the complete client code and screenshots of your Pinger output for four" xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="target hosts: north-america.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="europe.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="asia.pool.ntp.org," xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="south-america.pool.ntp.org" xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2608467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2609433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2610133" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont) def sendOnePing(mySocket, destAddr, ID): # Header is type (8), code (8), checksum (16), id (16), sequence (16)" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="myChecksum = 0 # Make a dummy header with a 0 checksum # struct -- Interpret strings as packed binary" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="data header = struct.pack(&quot;bbHHh&quot;," xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, myChecksum, ID, 1) data = struct.pack(&quot;d&quot;," xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="time.time())" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# Calculate the checksum on the data and the dummy header." xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="myChecksum = checksum(str(header + data)) # Get the right checksum, and put in the header if sys.platform" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="== 'darwin': # Convert 16-bit integers from host to network byte order myChecksum = htons(myChecksum) &amp; 0xffff else: myChecksum =" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="htons(myChecksum) header = struct.pack(&quot;bbHHh&quot;," xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, myChecksum, ID, 1) packet = header + data mySocket.sendto(packet," xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(destAddr, 1)) # AF_INET address must be tuple, not str # Both LISTS and TUPLES consist of a number of" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="objects # which can be referenced by their position number within the object." xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2614800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont) def doOnePing(destAddr, timeout): icmp = getprotobyname(&quot;icmp&quot;) # SOCK_RAW is a powerful socket type." xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="For more details: http://sock-raw.org/papers/sock_raw" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="mySocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, icmp) myID = os.getpid()" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="&amp; 0xFFFF # Return the current process i sendOnePing(mySocket, destAddr, myID) delay = receiveOnePing(mySocket, myID, timeout, destAddr) mySocket.close()" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="return delay def ping(host, timeout=1): # timeout=1 means: If one second goes by without a reply from the server, #" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="the client assumes that either the client's ping or the server's pong is lost dest = gethostbyname(host) print(&quot;Pinging &quot; +" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dest + &quot; using Python:&quot;) print(&quot;&quot;) # Send ping requests to a server separated by approximately one second while 1" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name=": delay = doOnePing(dest, timeout) print(delay) time.sleep(1)#" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="one second return delay" xmpDM:startTime="2615567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms ABR Area border router API Application Programming Interface AS Autonomous System ASBR Autonomous System Boundary Router BDR Backup Designated" xmpDM:startTime="2616167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Router BGP Border Gateway Protocol BR Backbone Router CAPWAP Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points CCITT Consultative Committee for" xmpDM:startTime="2616167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="International Telegraph and Telephone (now ITU-T) CoAP Constrained Application Protocol COPS Common Open Policy Service DIDM Device Identifier and Driver" xmpDM:startTime="2616167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Management DLUX OpenDaylight User Interface DOCSIS Data over Cable Service Interface Specification DR Designated Router eBGP exterior BGP" xmpDM:startTime="2616167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms (Cont) EGP Exterial Gateway Protocol ERP Exterior Router Protocol FCAPS Fault Configuration Accounting Performance and Security FRM Forwarding Rules" xmpDM:startTime="2632800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Manager GBP Group Based Policy GUI Graphical User Interface HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol iBGP interior BGP ICMP IP Control Message" xmpDM:startTime="2632800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Protocol ID Identifier IDRP ICMP Router Discovery Protocol IGP Interior Gateway Protocol IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IP Internet Protocol" xmpDM:startTime="2632800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IRP Interior Router Protocol ISO International Standards Organization" xmpDM:startTime="2632800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms (Cont) LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol LSA Link State Advertisements MIB Management Information Base MTU Maximum Transmission Unit NETCONF" xmpDM:startTime="2633433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Configuration Protocol NIC Network Interface Card OSGi Open Service Gatway Initiative OSI Open Service Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path" xmpDM:startTime="2633433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="First OVSDB Open Vswitch Database PCEP Path Computation Element Protocol PCMM Packet Cable Multimedia REST Representational State Transfer RESTful Representational" xmpDM:startTime="2633433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="State Transfer RFC Request for Comments SAL Service Abstraction Layer" xmpDM:startTime="2633433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms (Cont) SDN Software Defined Networking SDNI SDN domains interface SFC Service Function Chaining SGMP Simple Gateway Management Protocol SNBI" xmpDM:startTime="2633867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Secure Network Bootstrapping Interface SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SXP SGT (Security Group Tags) Exchange Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol" xmpDM:startTime="2633867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ToS Type of Service TSDR Time Series Data Repository TTL Time to Live UDP User Datagram Protocol USC Unified Secure" xmpDM:startTime="2633867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Channel VPN Virtual Private Network VTN Virtual Tenant Network" xmpDM:startTime="2633867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Scan This to Download These Slides thankyou Raj Jain http://rajjain.com" xmpDM:startTime="2634300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse473-20/i_5nlc.htm" xmpDM:startTime="2634300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="2634300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li></rdf:Seq>
                     </xmpDM:markers>
                  </rdf:Description>
               </rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>
                  <rdf:Description xmpDM:trackType="TableOfContents" xmpDM:frameRate="f1000" xmpDM:trackName="Table of Contents">
                     <xmpDM:markers>
                        <rdf:Seq>
                           <rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SDN Control Plane" xmpDM:startTime="0" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="0" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="0, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="264000" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="1" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="75, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SDN Control Plane" xmpDM:startTime="265200" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="2" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="271533" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="3" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SDN Control Plane" xmpDM:startTime="391067" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="4" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="436400" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="5" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="375, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SDN Control Plane" xmpDM:startTime="487067" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="6" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="450, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="522533" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="7" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="525, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OpenDaylight SDN Controller " xmpDM:startTime="524000" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="8" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="600, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="593400" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="9" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="675, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OpenDaylight SDN Controller " xmpDM:startTime="606867" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="10" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="750, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="610100" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="11" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="825, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OpenDaylight SDN Controller " xmpDM:startTime="617867" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="12" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="900, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Controller Example: OpenDaylight" xmpDM:startTime="629600" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="13" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="975, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="OpenDaylight SDN Controller " xmpDM:startTime="678100" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="14" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1050, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP" xmpDM:startTime="684933" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="15" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1125, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="862467" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="16" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1200, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP" xmpDM:startTime="1045133" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="17" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1275, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="1053733" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="18" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1350, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1062933" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="19" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1425, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1064500" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="20" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1500, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1065967" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="21" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1575, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="1066333" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="22" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1650, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP" xmpDM:startTime="1211867" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="23" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1725, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="1213267" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="24" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1800, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1213333" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="25" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1875, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1213733" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="26" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1950, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1215100" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="27" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2025, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1216033" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="28" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2100, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1256567" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="29" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2175, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="1258100" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="30" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2250, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1266233" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="31" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2325, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1266733" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="32" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2400, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1330067" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="33" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2475, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="1333267" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="34" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2550, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1351900" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="35" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2625, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1352733" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="36" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2700, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A: ICMP" xmpDM:startTime="1357300" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="37" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2775, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1375367" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="38" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2850, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1376300" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="39" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="2925, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP: Message Types" xmpDM:startTime="1376833" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="40" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3000, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICMP Messages" xmpDM:startTime="1382233" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="41" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3075, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Trace Route Example" xmpDM:startTime="1382667" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="42" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3150, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A: ICMP" xmpDM:startTime="1383133" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="43" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3225, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="1384800" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="44" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3300, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management" xmpDM:startTime="1387867" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="45" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3375, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5A (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="1389433" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="46" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3450, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management" xmpDM:startTime="1399900" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="47" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3525, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Network Management?" xmpDM:startTime="1443100" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="48" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3600, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Presentation Paused" xmpDM:startTime="1541433" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="49" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3675, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Presentation Resumed" xmpDM:startTime="1541600" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="50" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3750, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Components of Network Management" xmpDM:startTime="1595467" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="51" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3825, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="What is Network Management?" xmpDM:startTime="1636867" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="52" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="3900, 0, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Components of Network Management" xmpDM:startTime="1642233" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="53" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="50, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How is Network Managed?" xmpDM:startTime="1709500" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="54" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="125, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of Network Management" xmpDM:startTime="1893600" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="55" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="200, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP" xmpDM:startTime="1951900" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="56" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="275, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Example of Network Management" xmpDM:startTime="2079433" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="57" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="350, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP" xmpDM:startTime="2094000" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="58" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="425, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP protocol" xmpDM:startTime="2108267" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="59" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="500, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2140933" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="60" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="575, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management:  Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2228567" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="61" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="650, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2230733" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="62" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="725, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management:  Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2231933" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="63" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="800, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2232467" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="64" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="875, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management:  Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2322967" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="65" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="950, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2362767" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="66" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1025, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management:  Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2369467" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="67" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1100, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="SNMP Message Formats" xmpDM:startTime="2370800" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="68" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1175, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Management:  Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2378100" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="69" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1250, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Network Layer Control Plane: Summary" xmpDM:startTime="2378833" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="70" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1325, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B: ICMP Ping Programming" xmpDM:startTime="2468633" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="71" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1400, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2492733" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="72" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1475, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2500567" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="73" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1550, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2501933" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="74" tscDM:imageoffset="0" tscDM:imagerect="1625, 56, 75, 56"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 5B (Cont)" xmpDM:startTime="2522933" tscDM:image="i_5nlc3_Thumbnails.png" tscDM:imageindex="75" 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