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xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS servers" xmpDM:startTime="1186733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Example F:\&gt;nslookup www.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server: ns00.ip.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address: 128.252.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Name: www.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address: 128.252.87.149" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="F:\&gt;nslookup www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server: ns00.ip.wustl.edu" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Address: 128.252.0.1" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.l.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Addresses: 74.125.225.48," xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="74.125.225.52," xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="74.125.225.50," xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="74.125.225.49" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="74.125.225.51" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Aliases: www.google.com" xmpDM:startTime="1193867" 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of Questions # of Answer RRs # of Authority" xmpDM:startTime="1824433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RRs # of Additional RRs Questions Answers Authority Additional Information 12 Bytes" xmpDM:startTime="1824433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Registration Many Registrars Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) accredits registrars www.internic.net" xmpDM:startTime="1883967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Registrars provide authoritative name servers, A and MX records for the domain" xmpDM:startTime="1883967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Message Format Questions: Name, type Answers: Name, type, value, TTL Authority: Other authoritative servers Additional: Other information, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="1885200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP address of canonical name in MX response Identification Flags # of Questions # of Answer RRs # of Authority" xmpDM:startTime="1885200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RRs # of Additional RRs Questions Answers Authority Additional Information 12 Bytes" xmpDM:startTime="1885200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Registration Many Registrars Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) accredits registrars www.internic.net" xmpDM:startTime="1964800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Registrars provide authoritative name servers, A and MX records for the domain" xmpDM:startTime="1964800" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Message Format Questions: Name, type Answers: Name, type, value, TTL Authority: Other authoritative servers Additional: Other information, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="1969667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP address of canonical name in MX response Identification Flags # of Questions # of Answer RRs # of Authority" xmpDM:startTime="1969667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RRs # of Additional RRs Questions Answers Authority Additional Information 12 Bytes" xmpDM:startTime="1969667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Registration Many Registrars Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) accredits registrars www.internic.net" xmpDM:startTime="2016367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Registrars provide authoritative name servers, A and MX records for the domain" xmpDM:startTime="2016367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Vulnerability Distributed Denial of service attack on Name server DNS cache poisoning – A server gives wrong answer" xmpDM:startTime="2221900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS: Summary DNS is used to resolve names to IP address Also provides Name aliasing (CNAME), Mail Server (MX) records" xmpDM:startTime="2379100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS is a distributed database Þ Servers ask other servers for answers when needed Recursive (answer only) or iterative (answer" xmpDM:startTime="2379100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or hint) queries Root Servers, Top level domain servers, Authoritative servers" xmpDM:startTime="2379100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2C: DNS [4 points] Is it possible for an organization’s web server and mail server to have exactly the" xmpDM:startTime="2472467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same hostname? (Briefly explain why or why not?) What would be the type of RR that contains the host name" xmpDM:startTime="2472467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the mail server?" xmpDM:startTime="2472467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS: Summary DNS is used to resolve names to IP address Also provides Name aliasing (CNAME), Mail Server (MX) records" xmpDM:startTime="2514300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS is a distributed database Þ Servers ask other servers for answers when needed Recursive (answer only) or iterative (answer" xmpDM:startTime="2514300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or hint) queries Root Servers, Top level domain servers, Authoritative servers" xmpDM:startTime="2514300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Vulnerability Distributed Denial of service attack on Name server DNS cache poisoning – A server gives wrong answer" xmpDM:startTime="2514533" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Registration Many Registrars Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) accredits registrars www.internic.net" xmpDM:startTime="2514767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Registrars provide authoritative name servers, A and MX records for the domain" xmpDM:startTime="2514767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Message Format Questions: Name, type Answers: Name, type, value, TTL Authority: Other authoritative servers Additional: Other information, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2514967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP address of canonical name in MX response Identification Flags # of Questions # of Answer RRs # of Authority" xmpDM:startTime="2514967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RRs # of Additional RRs Questions Answers Authority Additional Information 12 Bytes" xmpDM:startTime="2514967" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Records Resource Records=(Name, Value, Type, TTL) Type=A: IP Address for the host name Type=NS: Name server for the domain" xmpDM:startTime="2515100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="name Type=CNAME: Canonical name for a host name Type=MX: Canonical name of mail server" xmpDM:startTime="2515100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Message Format Questions: Name, type Answers: Name, type, value, TTL Authority: Other authoritative servers Additional: Other information, e.g.," xmpDM:startTime="2515933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="IP address of canonical name in MX response Identification Flags # of Questions # of Answer RRs # of Authority" xmpDM:startTime="2515933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="RRs # of Additional RRs Questions Answers Authority Additional Information 12 Bytes" xmpDM:startTime="2515933" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Registration Many Registrars Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) accredits registrars www.internic.net" xmpDM:startTime="2524100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Registrars provide authoritative name servers, A and MX records for the domain" xmpDM:startTime="2524100" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Vulnerability Distributed Denial of service attack on Name server DNS cache poisoning – A server gives wrong answer" xmpDM:startTime="2524433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS: Summary DNS is used to resolve names to IP address Also provides Name aliasing (CNAME), Mail Server (MX) records" xmpDM:startTime="2524833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS is a distributed database Þ Servers ask other servers for answers when needed Recursive (answer only) or iterative (answer" xmpDM:startTime="2524833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or hint) queries Root Servers, Top level domain servers, Authoritative servers" xmpDM:startTime="2524833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2C: DNS [4 points] Is it possible for an organization’s web server and mail server to have exactly the" xmpDM:startTime="2525200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="same hostname? (Briefly explain why or why not?) What would be the type of RR that contains the host name" xmpDM:startTime="2525200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of the mail server?" xmpDM:startTime="2525200" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Peer-to-Peer Applications Client Server vs." xmpDM:startTime="2525633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Scalability P2P File Distribution (BitTorrent) Overview" xmpDM:startTime="2525633" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P File Distribution (BitTorrent) Tracker: tracks peers participating in torrent Torrent: group of peers exchanging chunks of a file Obtain" xmpDM:startTime="2544300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="list of peers trading chunks Alice peer" xmpDM:startTime="2544300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Peer-to-Peer Applications N= # of peers F= File Size ui= uplink speed or ith host di= downlink speed of ith" xmpDM:startTime="2761067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="host dmin=min{d1, d2, ...," xmpDM:startTime="2761067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="dN} Dcs &gt; max{ NF/us, F/dmin} DP2P &gt; max{F/us, F/dmin, NF/(us+Sui)} us u2 d1 d2 u1 uN dN Server Network" xmpDM:startTime="2761067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(with abundant bandwidth) File, size F" xmpDM:startTime="2761067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="2: Application Layer 52 Client upload rate = u, F/u = 1 hour, us = 10u, dmin ≥ us Client" xmpDM:startTime="2970467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Server vs." xmpDM:startTime="2970467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Scalability" xmpDM:startTime="2970467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BitTorrent P2P File Distribution Peers=nodes participating in a file distribution Torrent=Set of all peers Torrent File =a file containing information" xmpDM:startTime="3134433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="about the tracker, object ID, and file Files are segmented into equal size chunks (256kB) Seeds=Peers that have the complete" xmpDM:startTime="3134433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="file Leechers=Peers that have incomplete file Tracker=Has list of all peers Torrent Directory Tracker Leecher 1 2 3 1 Seed" xmpDM:startTime="3134433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1 Seed m Seed 2 Leecher 2 Leecher n … …" xmpDM:startTime="3134433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BitTorrent File Distribution (Cont) 1." xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice uses torrent directories (search engines) to find a torrent for &quot;Raj Jain's Lecture&quot; 2." xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice contact the tracker to get the current list of peers Tracker may provide random subset (say 50) peers 3." xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice sets up TCP connections with these peers in parallel and gets a map of available chunks Requests least available" xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="chunks first (rarest first) Every 10 seconds, Alice calculates the receiving rates Sends to (Unchokes) the top 4 senders Every" xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="30 seconds, Alice sends to one randomly selected peer (optimistically unchokes) Þ Helps find high-rate neighbors Ref: www.bittorrent.org" xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3285467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Applications: Summary P2P applications are more scalable Þ More efficient when the number of peers is large BitTorrent has" xmpDM:startTime="3619000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="peers, trackers, seeds, and leechers BitTorrent unchokes 4 top uploaders and one random node for load balancing Distributed hash tables" xmpDM:startTime="3619000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are used to manage large distributed databases used in P2P applications Skype uses super-nodes to keep track of active users" xmpDM:startTime="3619000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and provides relays for users behind NATs." xmpDM:startTime="3619000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3619000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BitTorrent File Distribution (Cont) 1." xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice uses torrent directories (search engines) to find a torrent for &quot;Raj Jain's Lecture&quot; 2." xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice contact the tracker to get the current list of peers Tracker may provide random subset (say 50) peers 3." xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice sets up TCP connections with these peers in parallel and gets a map of available chunks Requests least available" xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="chunks first (rarest first) Every 10 seconds, Alice calculates the receiving rates Sends to (Unchokes) the top 4 senders Every" xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="30 seconds, Alice sends to one randomly selected peer (optimistically unchokes) Þ Helps find high-rate neighbors Ref: www.bittorrent.org" xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3623733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Applications: Summary P2P applications are more scalable Þ More efficient when the number of peers is large BitTorrent has" xmpDM:startTime="3651067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="peers, trackers, seeds, and leechers BitTorrent unchokes 4 top uploaders and one random node for load balancing Distributed hash tables" xmpDM:startTime="3651067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are used to manage large distributed databases used in P2P applications Skype uses super-nodes to keep track of active users" xmpDM:startTime="3651067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and provides relays for users behind NATs." xmpDM:startTime="3651067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3651067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2D: P2P [4 points] P26." xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Suppose Bob joins a BitTorrent torrent, but he does not want to upload any data to any other peers (so" xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="called free-riding)." xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A." xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob claims that he can receive a complete copy of the file that is shared by the swarm." xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Is Bob’s claim possible? Why or Why not? B." xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob further claims that he can further make his “free-riding” more efficient by using a collection of multiple computers (with" xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distinct IP addresses) in the computer lab in his department." xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How can he do that?" xmpDM:startTime="3679033" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Streaming Video Video traffic is 80% of consumer traffic Video: 25-30 Frames/sec Video can be compressed: Spatial: next pixel is" xmpDM:startTime="3680067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="similar to this Temporal: Pixel in the next frame is similar to this Variable bit rate (VBR)/Constant bit rate (CBR)" xmpDM:startTime="3680067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) 1: 1.5" xmpDM:startTime="3680067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Mbps MPEG2: 3-6 Mbps MPEG4 (.mp4):" xmpDM:startTime="3680067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Less than 1 Mbps" xmpDM:startTime="3680067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2D: P2P [4 points] P26." xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Suppose Bob joins a BitTorrent torrent, but he does not want to upload any data to any other peers (so" xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="called free-riding)." xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A." xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob claims that he can receive a complete copy of the file that is shared by the swarm." xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Is Bob’s claim possible? Why or Why not? B." xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob further claims that he can further make his “free-riding” more efficient by using a collection of multiple computers (with" xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distinct IP addresses) in the computer lab in his department." xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How can he do that?" xmpDM:startTime="3681600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Applications: Summary P2P applications are more scalable Þ More efficient when the number of peers is large BitTorrent has" xmpDM:startTime="3682567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="peers, trackers, seeds, and leechers BitTorrent unchokes 4 top uploaders and one random node for load balancing Distributed hash tables" xmpDM:startTime="3682567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are used to manage large distributed databases used in P2P applications Skype uses super-nodes to keep track of active users" xmpDM:startTime="3682567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and provides relays for users behind NATs." xmpDM:startTime="3682567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3682567" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2D: P2P [4 points] P26." xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Suppose Bob joins a BitTorrent torrent, but he does not want to upload any data to any other peers (so" xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="called free-riding)." xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A." xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob claims that he can receive a complete copy of the file that is shared by the swarm." xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Is Bob’s claim possible? Why or Why not? B." xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob further claims that he can further make his “free-riding” more efficient by using a collection of multiple computers (with" xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distinct IP addresses) in the computer lab in his department." xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How can he do that?" xmpDM:startTime="3695233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Applications: Summary P2P applications are more scalable Þ More efficient when the number of peers is large BitTorrent has" xmpDM:startTime="3718300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="peers, trackers, seeds, and leechers BitTorrent unchokes 4 top uploaders and one random node for load balancing Distributed hash tables" xmpDM:startTime="3718300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are used to manage large distributed databases used in P2P applications Skype uses super-nodes to keep track of active users" xmpDM:startTime="3718300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and provides relays for users behind NATs." xmpDM:startTime="3718300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3718300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BitTorrent File Distribution (Cont) 1." xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice uses torrent directories (search engines) to find a torrent for &quot;Raj Jain's Lecture&quot; 2." xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice contact the tracker to get the current list of peers Tracker may provide random subset (say 50) peers 3." xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice sets up TCP connections with these peers in parallel and gets a map of available chunks Requests least available" xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="chunks first (rarest first) Every 10 seconds, Alice calculates the receiving rates Sends to (Unchokes) the top 4 senders Every" xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="30 seconds, Alice sends to one randomly selected peer (optimistically unchokes) Þ Helps find high-rate neighbors Ref: www.bittorrent.org" xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3718600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BitTorrent P2P File Distribution Peers=nodes participating in a file distribution Torrent=Set of all peers Torrent File =a file containing information" xmpDM:startTime="3719300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="about the tracker, object ID, and file Files are segmented into equal size chunks (256kB) Seeds=Peers that have the complete" xmpDM:startTime="3719300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="file Leechers=Peers that have incomplete file Tracker=Has list of all peers Torrent Directory Tracker Leecher 1 2 3 1 Seed" xmpDM:startTime="3719300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1 Seed m Seed 2 Leecher 2 Leecher n … …" xmpDM:startTime="3719300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="BitTorrent File Distribution (Cont) 1." xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice uses torrent directories (search engines) to find a torrent for &quot;Raj Jain's Lecture&quot; 2." xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice contact the tracker to get the current list of peers Tracker may provide random subset (say 50) peers 3." xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Alice sets up TCP connections with these peers in parallel and gets a map of available chunks Requests least available" xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="chunks first (rarest first) Every 10 seconds, Alice calculates the receiving rates Sends to (Unchokes) the top 4 senders Every" xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="30 seconds, Alice sends to one randomly selected peer (optimistically unchokes) Þ Helps find high-rate neighbors Ref: www.bittorrent.org" xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3772467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="P2P Applications: Summary P2P applications are more scalable Þ More efficient when the number of peers is large BitTorrent has" xmpDM:startTime="3772767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="peers, trackers, seeds, and leechers BitTorrent unchokes 4 top uploaders and one random node for load balancing Distributed hash tables" xmpDM:startTime="3772767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="are used to manage large distributed databases used in P2P applications Skype uses super-nodes to keep track of active users" xmpDM:startTime="3772767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and provides relays for users behind NATs." xmpDM:startTime="3772767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="3772767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2D: P2P [4 points] P26." xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Suppose Bob joins a BitTorrent torrent, but he does not want to upload any data to any other peers (so" xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="called free-riding)." xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A." xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob claims that he can receive a complete copy of the file that is shared by the swarm." xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Is Bob’s claim possible? Why or Why not? B." xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob further claims that he can further make his “free-riding” more efficient by using a collection of multiple computers (with" xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distinct IP addresses) in the computer lab in his department." xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How can he do that?" xmpDM:startTime="3773733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Streaming Video Video traffic is 80% of consumer traffic Video: 25-30 Frames/sec Video can be compressed: Spatial: next pixel is" xmpDM:startTime="3813167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="similar to this Temporal: Pixel in the next frame is similar to this Variable bit rate (VBR)/Constant bit rate (CBR)" xmpDM:startTime="3813167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) 1: 1.5" xmpDM:startTime="3813167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Mbps MPEG2: 3-6 Mbps MPEG4 (.mp4):" xmpDM:startTime="3813167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Less than 1 Mbps" xmpDM:startTime="3813167" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2D: P2P [4 points] P26." xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Suppose Bob joins a BitTorrent torrent, but he does not want to upload any data to any other peers (so" xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="called free-riding)." xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="A." xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob claims that he can receive a complete copy of the file that is shared by the swarm." xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Is Bob’s claim possible? Why or Why not? B." xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Bob further claims that he can further make his “free-riding” more efficient by using a collection of multiple computers (with" xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="distinct IP addresses) in the computer lab in his department." xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How can he do that?" xmpDM:startTime="3816700" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Streaming Video Video traffic is 80% of consumer traffic Video: 25-30 Frames/sec Video can be compressed: Spatial: next pixel is" xmpDM:startTime="3828067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="similar to this Temporal: Pixel in the next frame is similar to this Variable bit rate (VBR)/Constant bit rate (CBR)" xmpDM:startTime="3828067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) 1: 1.5" xmpDM:startTime="3828067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Mbps MPEG2: 3-6 Mbps MPEG4 (.mp4):" xmpDM:startTime="3828067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Less than 1 Mbps" xmpDM:startTime="3828067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) DASH provides an efficient method for video streaming Standard Web Servers: No changes required" xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to servers, Content Distribution Networks (CDN), or HTTP protocol." xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Mobile client controls what is downloaded using a “media presentation description (MPD)” file defined by DASH MPD contains URLs for" xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="segments Client measures throughput and requests segments as needed." xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Allows fast forward, rewind, etc." xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Segment Segment Segment Media HTTP Requests Client With DASH Engine MPD Segment Segment Segment Rate 1 Rate 2 Rate 3" xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… … …" xmpDM:startTime="4046867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Content Distribution Networks (CDN) To reduce latency to worldwide users, the data is replicated at many sites Users are directed" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to nearby site by DNS netflix.com" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="-&gt; cdn_stl.com" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="or cdn_sfo.com," xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="… juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="man-with-computer.jpg" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="cartoon-man-working-computer-2.jpg" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="computer-user.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="man-with-computer.jpg" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="computer-user.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="hp-server_749844.jpg" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="hp-server_749844.jpg" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Users Network Service/Content hosted on web servers juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="1195431327409717356database_base_de_donn__01r.svg.hi.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Distributed Content Caches juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="juanjo_Router.png" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4274733" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2E: DASH [2 points] A DASH system stores video at 5 different qualities (rates) and 15 minute segments." xmpDM:startTime="4327400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How many URLs will be required for a 2-hour movie?" xmpDM:startTime="4327400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Application Layer: Summary Applications use TCP/UDP ports for communication HTTP/FTP/SMTP are client-server protocols and use TCP connections HTTP is stateless" xmpDM:startTime="4353367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="but cookies allows servers to maintain state Proxy servers improve performance by caching BitTorrent is a P2P file distribution protocol" xmpDM:startTime="4353367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and uses trackers to keep list of peers DASH allows clients to request different video segments as needed CDN’s directs" xmpDM:startTime="4353367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="users to to nearby copy via DNS" xmpDM:startTime="4353367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Homework 2E: DASH [2 points] A DASH system stores video at 5 different qualities (rates) and 15 minute segments." xmpDM:startTime="4382467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="How many URLs will be required for a 2-hour movie?" xmpDM:startTime="4382467" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Application Layer: Summary Applications use TCP/UDP ports for communication HTTP/FTP/SMTP are client-server protocols and use TCP connections HTTP is stateless" xmpDM:startTime="4387067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="but cookies allows servers to maintain state Proxy servers improve performance by caching BitTorrent is a P2P file distribution protocol" xmpDM:startTime="4387067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and uses trackers to keep list of peers DASH allows clients to request different video segments as needed CDN’s directs" xmpDM:startTime="4387067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="users to to nearby copy via DNS" xmpDM:startTime="4387067" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B: UDP Pinger [50 points] In this lab, you will learn the basics of socket programming for UDP in" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Python." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will learn how to send and receive datagram packets using UDP sockets and also, how to set a proper" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="socket timeout." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Throughout the lab, you will gain familiarity with a Ping application and its usefulness in computing statistics such as packet" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="loss rate." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will first study a simple Internet ping server written in the Python, and implement a corresponding client." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The functionality provided by these programs is similar to the functionality provided by standard ping programs available in modern operating" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="systems." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="However, these programs use a simpler protocol, UDP, rather than the standard Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to communicate with" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="each other." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The ping protocol allows a client machine to send a packet of data to a remote machine, and have the" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="remote machine return the data back to the client unchanged (an action referred to as echoing)." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Among other uses, the ping protocol allows hosts to determine round-trip times to other machines." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You are given the complete code for the Ping server below." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your task is to write the Ping client." xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4457433" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Server Code The following code fully implements a ping server." xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You need to compile and run this code before running your client program." xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You do not need to modify this code." xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In this server code, 30% of the client’s packets are simulated to be lost." xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should study this code carefully, as it will help you write your ping client." xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# UDPPingerServer.py" xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# We will need the following module to generate randomized lost packets import random from socket import * # Create" xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a UDP socket # Notice the use of SOCK_DGRAM for UDP packets serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) # Assign IP address" xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and port number to socket serverSocket.bind((''," xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12000))" xmpDM:startTime="4483400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4485333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Packet Loss UDP provides applications with an unreliable transport service." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Messages may get lost in the network due to router queue overflows, faulty hardware or some other reasons." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Because packet loss is rare or even non-existent in typical campus networks, the server in this lab injects artificial loss" xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to simulate the effects of network packet loss." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The server creates a variable randomized integer which determines whether a particular incoming packet is lost or not." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Client Code You need to implement the following client program." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The client should send 10 pings to the server." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Because UDP is an unreliable protocol, a packet sent from the client to the server may be lost in the" xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="network, or vice versa." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="For this reason, the client cannot wait indefinitely for a reply to a ping message." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should get the client wait up to one second for a reply; if no reply is received within one" xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="second, your client program should assume that the packet was lost during transmission across the network." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will need to look up the Python documentation to find out how to set the timeout value on a" xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="datagram socket." xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4486333" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Specifically, your client program should (1) send the ping message using UDP (Note: Unlike TCP, you do" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="not need to establish a connection first, since UDP is a connectionless protocol.)" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(2) print the response message from server, if any (3) calculate and print the round trip time (RTT), in seconds," xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of each packet, if server responses (4) otherwise, print “Request timed out” During development, you should run the UDPPingerServer.py" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="on your machine, and test your client by sending packets to localhost (or, 127.0.0.1)." xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="After you have fully debugged your code, you should see how your application communicates across the network with the ping" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="server and ping client running on different machines." xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Message Format The ping messages in this lab are formatted in a simple way." xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The client message is one line, consisting of ASCII characters in the following format: Ping sequence_number time where sequence_number starts" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at 1 and progresses to 10 for each successive ping message sent by the client, and time is the time" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="when the client sends the message." xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4487833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) What to Hand in You will hand in the complete client code and screenshots at the client" xmpDM:startTime="4488600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="verifying that your ping program works as required." xmpDM:startTime="4488600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4488600" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Specifically, your client program should (1) send the ping message using UDP (Note: Unlike TCP, you do" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="not need to establish a connection first, since UDP is a connectionless protocol.)" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(2) print the response message from server, if any (3) calculate and print the round trip time (RTT), in seconds," xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of each packet, if server responses (4) otherwise, print “Request timed out” During development, you should run the UDPPingerServer.py" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="on your machine, and test your client by sending packets to localhost (or, 127.0.0.1)." xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="After you have fully debugged your code, you should see how your application communicates across the network with the ping" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="server and ping client running on different machines." xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Message Format The ping messages in this lab are formatted in a simple way." xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The client message is one line, consisting of ASCII characters in the following format: Ping sequence_number time where sequence_number starts" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at 1 and progresses to 10 for each successive ping message sent by the client, and time is the time" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="when the client sends the message." xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4490400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Packet Loss UDP provides applications with an unreliable transport service." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Messages may get lost in the network due to router queue overflows, faulty hardware or some other reasons." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Because packet loss is rare or even non-existent in typical campus networks, the server in this lab injects artificial loss" xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to simulate the effects of network packet loss." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The server creates a variable randomized integer which determines whether a particular incoming packet is lost or not." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Client Code You need to implement the following client program." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The client should send 10 pings to the server." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Because UDP is an unreliable protocol, a packet sent from the client to the server may be lost in the" xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="network, or vice versa." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="For this reason, the client cannot wait indefinitely for a reply to a ping message." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should get the client wait up to one second for a reply; if no reply is received within one" xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="second, your client program should assume that the packet was lost during transmission across the network." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will need to look up the Python documentation to find out how to set the timeout value on a" xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="datagram socket." xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4490767" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4491000" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Server Code The following code fully implements a ping server." xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You need to compile and run this code before running your client program." xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You do not need to modify this code." xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In this server code, 30% of the client’s packets are simulated to be lost." xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should study this code carefully, as it will help you write your ping client." xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# UDPPingerServer.py" xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# We will need the following module to generate randomized lost packets import random from socket import * # Create" xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a UDP socket # Notice the use of SOCK_DGRAM for UDP packets serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) # Assign IP address" xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and port number to socket serverSocket.bind((''," xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12000))" xmpDM:startTime="4491400" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B: UDP Pinger [50 points] In this lab, you will learn the basics of socket programming for UDP in" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Python." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will learn how to send and receive datagram packets using UDP sockets and also, how to set a proper" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="socket timeout." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Throughout the lab, you will gain familiarity with a Ping application and its usefulness in computing statistics such as packet" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="loss rate." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will first study a simple Internet ping server written in the Python, and implement a corresponding client." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The functionality provided by these programs is similar to the functionality provided by standard ping programs available in modern operating" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="systems." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="However, these programs use a simpler protocol, UDP, rather than the standard Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to communicate with" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="each other." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The ping protocol allows a client machine to send a packet of data to a remote machine, and have the" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="remote machine return the data back to the client unchanged (an action referred to as echoing)." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Among other uses, the ping protocol allows hosts to determine round-trip times to other machines." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You are given the complete code for the Ping server below." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Your task is to write the Ping client." xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4491900" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Server Code The following code fully implements a ping server." xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You need to compile and run this code before running your client program." xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You do not need to modify this code." xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="In this server code, 30% of the client’s packets are simulated to be lost." xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should study this code carefully, as it will help you write your ping client." xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# UDPPingerServer.py" xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="# We will need the following module to generate randomized lost packets import random from socket import * # Create" xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="a UDP socket # Notice the use of SOCK_DGRAM for UDP packets serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) # Assign IP address" xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="and port number to socket serverSocket.bind((''," xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="12000))" xmpDM:startTime="4498367" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4498867" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Packet Loss UDP provides applications with an unreliable transport service." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Messages may get lost in the network due to router queue overflows, faulty hardware or some other reasons." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Because packet loss is rare or even non-existent in typical campus networks, the server in this lab injects artificial loss" xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="to simulate the effects of network packet loss." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The server creates a variable randomized integer which determines whether a particular incoming packet is lost or not." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Client Code You need to implement the following client program." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The client should send 10 pings to the server." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Because UDP is an unreliable protocol, a packet sent from the client to the server may be lost in the" xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="network, or vice versa." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="For this reason, the client cannot wait indefinitely for a reply to a ping message." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You should get the client wait up to one second for a reply; if no reply is received within one" xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="second, your client program should assume that the packet was lost during transmission across the network." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="You will need to look up the Python documentation to find out how to set the timeout value on a" xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="datagram socket." xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4499300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) Specifically, your client program should (1) send the ping message using UDP (Note: Unlike TCP, you do" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="not need to establish a connection first, since UDP is a connectionless protocol.)" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="(2) print the response message from server, if any (3) calculate and print the round trip time (RTT), in seconds," xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="of each packet, if server responses (4) otherwise, print “Request timed out” During development, you should run the UDPPingerServer.py" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="on your machine, and test your client by sending packets to localhost (or, 127.0.0.1)." xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="After you have fully debugged your code, you should see how your application communicates across the network with the ping" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="server and ping client running on different machines." xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Message Format The ping messages in this lab are formatted in a simple way." xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="The client message is one line, consisting of ASCII characters in the following format: Ping sequence_number time where sequence_number starts" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="at 1 and progresses to 10 for each successive ping message sent by the client, and time is the time" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="when the client sends the message." xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4499833" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Lab 2B (Cont) What to Hand in You will hand in the complete client code and screenshots at the client" xmpDM:startTime="4500233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="verifying that your ping program works as required." xmpDM:startTime="4500233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4500233" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Reading List Read Chapter 3 of the textbook for the next lecture." xmpDM:startTime="4555500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4555500" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange CBR Constant bit rate CDN Content Distribution Network DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming" xmpDM:startTime="4557667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="DNS Domain Name System FTP File Transfer Protocol GMT Greenwich Mean Time HTML Hyper-Text Markup Language HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol" xmpDM:startTime="4557667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="ICANN International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ID Identifier IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol IP Internet Protocol ISO International" xmpDM:startTime="4557667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Standards Organization ISP Internet Service Provider kB Kilo Byte" xmpDM:startTime="4557667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Acronyms (Cont) MPD Media Presentation Description MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group NAT Network Address Translator NS Name Service PC Personal" xmpDM:startTime="4558300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Computer POP Point of Presence RR Resource Record SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol TLD Top Level" xmpDM:startTime="4558300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Domain TTL Time to Live UDP Universal Data Protocol URL Uniform Resource Locator VBR Variable bit rate" xmpDM:startTime="4558300" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="Scan This to Download These Slides thankyou Raj Jain http://rajjain.com" xmpDM:startTime="4558667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse473-20/i_2app.htm" xmpDM:startTime="4558667" xmpDM:duration="1000"/></rdf:li><rdf:li><rdf:Description xmpDM:name="" xmpDM:startTime="4558667" 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