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Multiagent Systems Research Group

Publications

Journals

  1. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 2000. Leveled Commitment Contracts. Games and Economic Behavior. Special issue on AI and Economics. Accepted with a minor revision, to appear.

  2. Sandholm, T. 2000. Agents in Electronic Commerce: Component Technologies for Automated Negotiation and Coalition Formation. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 3(1), 73-96. Special Issue on Best of ICMAS-98, invited submission, reviewed.

  3. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 2000. Leveled Commitment Contracts with Myopic and Strategic Agents. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. Special issue on Agent-Based Computational Economics, invited submission, reviewed, to appear.

  4. Sandholm, T. 2000. Approaches to Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions. Decision Support Systems, to appear.

  5. Sandholm, T. 2000. Issues in Computational Vickrey Auctions. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, special issue on Applying Intelligent Agents for Electronic Commerce, invited reviewed submission, to appear.

  6. Larson, K. and Sandholm, T. 2000. Anytime Coalition Structure Generation: An Average Case Study. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical AI, 11, 1-20.

  7. Huai, Q. and Sandholm, T. 2000. Mobile Agents in an Electronic Auction House. IEEE Internet Computing. Special issue on Agent Technology and the Internet, to appear.

  8. Sandholm, T. 2000. Automated Contracting in Distributed Manufacturing among Independent Companies. Intelligent Manufacturing. Special issue on Distributed Manufacturing, to appear.

  9. Sandholm, T., Larson, K., Andersson, M., Shehory, O., and Tohmé, F. 1999. Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees. Artificial Intelligence, 111(1-2), 209-238.

  10. Sandholm, T. 1999. Automated Negotiation. Communications of the ACM 42(3), 84-85. Special issue on Agents in E-commerce.

  11. Tohmé, F. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Coalition Formation Processes with Belief Revision among Bounded Rational Self-Interested Agents. Journal of Logic and Computation, 9(97-63), 1-23.

  12. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1997. Coalitions among Computationally Bounded Agents. Artificial Intelligence 94(1), 99-137, Special issue on Economic Principles of Multiagent Systems.

  13. Sandholm, T. 1997. Unenforced Ecommerce Transactions. IEEE Internet Computing, 1(6), 47-54, Nov-Dec, Special issue on Electronic Commerce.

  14. Sandholm, T. and Crites, R. 1995. Multiagent Reinforcement Learning in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. Biosystems 37, 147-166, Special Issue on the Prisoner's Dilemma.

Highly refereed archival conferences

  1. Larson, K. and Sandholm, T. 2000. Deliberation in Equilibrium: Bargaining in Computationally Complex Problems. National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Austin, TX, July 31--August 2.

  2. Sandholm, T. and Ferrandon, V. 2000. Safe Exchange Planner. International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS), Boston, MA, July 7-12, to appear. (Acceptance rate 20%).

  3. Sandholm, T. and Zhou, Y. 2000. Surplus Equivalence of Leveled Commitment Contracts. International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS), Boston, MA, July 7-12, to appear. (Acceptance rate 20%).

  4. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 2000. Reasoning About Others: Representing and Processing Infinite Belief Hierarchies. International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS), Boston, MA, July 7-12, to appear. (Acceptance rate 20%).

  5. Sandholm, T. 2000. eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server. International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), Barcelona, Spain, June 3-8, to appear. (Acceptance rate 24%).

  6. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 2000. Contract Type Sequencing for Reallocative Negotiation. International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), to appear.

  7. Sandholm, T. 1999. An Algorithm for Optimal Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 542-547, Stockholm, Sweden. (Acceptance rate 26%).

  8. Sandholm, T., Sikka, S. and Norden, S. 1999. Algorithms for Optimizing Leveled Commitment Contracts. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 535-540, Stockholm, Sweden. (Acceptance rate 26%).

  9. Sandholm, T. and Vulkan, N. 1999. Bargaining with Deadlines. National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 44-51, Orlando, FL. (Acceptance rate 27%).

  10. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Time-Quality Tradeoffs in Reallocative Negotiation with Combinatorial Contract Types. National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 3-10, Orlando, FL. (Acceptance rate 27%).

  11. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Power, Dependence and Stability in Multiagent Plans. National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 11-16, Orlando, FL. (Acceptance rate 27%).

  12. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Contracting with an Uncertain Level of Trust. ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC), pp. 15-21, Denver, CO. (Acceptance rate 29%).

  13. Larson, K. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Anytime Coalition Structure Generation: An Average Case Study. Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), pp. 40-47, Seattle, WA, May. (Acceptance rate 29%).

  14. Sandholm, T., Shehory, O., Andersson, M., Larson, K., and Tohmé, F. 1998. Anytime Coalition Structure Generation with Worst Case Guarantees. Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 46-53, Madison, WI, July. (Acceptance rate 30%).

  15. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Leveled Commitment Contracts with Myopic and Strategic Agents. Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 38-45, Madison, WI, July. (Acceptance rate 30%).

  16. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Leveled Commitment Contracting among Myopic Individually Rational Agents. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multiagent Systems (ICMAS), pp. 26-33, Paris, France. (Acceptance rate 23%).

  17. Sandholm, T. and Ygge, F. 1997. On the Gains and Losses of Speculation in Equilibrium Markets. 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97), Nagoya, Japan. (Acceptance rate 24%)

  18. Sandholm, T. 1997. Necessary and Sufficient Contract Types for Optimal Task Allocation. Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97), Nagoya, Japan. Poster presentation. (Acceptance rate 47%)

  19. Sandholm, T. 1996. Limitations of the Vickrey Auction in Computational Multiagent Systems. Second International Conference on Multiagent Systems (ICMAS-96), Keihanna Plaza, Kyoto, Japan, December, pp. 299-306. (Acceptance rate 28%)

  20. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1996. Advantages of a Leveled Commitment Contracting Protocol. Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96), Portland, OR, pp. 126-133. (Acceptance rate 31%)

  21. Sandholm, T. 1996. A Second Order Parameter for 3SAT. Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96), Portland, OR, pp. 259-265. (Acceptance rate 31%)

  22. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1995. Coalition Formation among Bounded Rational Agents. 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95), Montreal, Canada, pp. 662-669. (Acceptance rate 22%)

  23. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1995. Equilibrium Analysis of the Possibilities of Unenforced Exchange in Multiagent Systems. 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95), Montreal, Canada, pp. 694-701. (Acceptance rate 22%)

  24. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1995. Issues in Automated Negotiation and Electronic Commerce: Extending the Contract Net Framework. First International Conference on Multiagent Systems (ICMAS-95), San Fransisco, pp. 328-335. (Acceptance rate 33%)

  25. Neiman, D., Hildum, D., Lesser, V. and Sandholm, T. 1994. Exploiting Meta-Level Information in a Distributed Scheduling System. Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94), Seattle, Washington, pp. 394-400. (Acceptance rate 31%)

  26. Sandholm, T. 1993. An Implementation of the Contract Net Protocol Based on Marginal Cost Calculations. Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93), Washington DC, pp. 256-262. (Acceptance rate 24%)

Books and book chapters

  1. Sandholm, T. 2000. Automated Negotiation. MIT Press. Book contract signed, writing half-way.

  2. Sandholm, T. 1999. Distributed Rational Decision Making. In the textbook Multiagent Systems: A Modern Introduction to Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Weiß, G., ed., MIT Press. Pp. 201-258.

  3. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Sequencing of Contract Types for Anytime Task Reallocation. In Agent-Mediated Electronic Trading, Carles Sierra (ed.). Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1571, pp. 54-69.

  4. Sandholm, T. 1998. Agents in Electronic Commerce: Component Technologies for Automated Negotiation and Coalition Formation. In Cooperative Information Agents, Klusch, M., ed., Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 1435, Springer Verlag, pp. 113-134.

  5. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1997. Issues in Automated Negotiation and Electronic Commerce: Extending the Contract Net Framework. In Readings in Agents, Huhns, M. and Singh, M. (eds.), Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, pp. 66-73.

  6. Sandholm, T. and Crites, R. 1996. On Multiagent Q-Learning in a Semi-competitive Domain. In Adaptation and Learning in Multi-Agent Systems, Weiß, G. and Sen, S., eds. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1042 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 191-205.

  7. Honkela, T. and Sandholm, T. 1993. Machine Learning. In the Finnish Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, Eero Hyvönen, ed., pp. 244-255.

  8. Sandholm, T. 1991. Solving the 1-Dimensional Fractal Inverse Problem with a Genetic Algorithm. In Genetic Algorithms, Jarmo T. Alander, ed., pp. 126-132, Publications of the Helsinki University of Technology.

  9. Aho, J., Arppe, A., Henrikson, M., Hintsa, J., Hyppönen, A., Jouppi, J ., Linnanen, L., Luhtala, M., Läärä, M., Matero, S., Pankakoski, J., Pulli, V., Rahikainen, S., Sandholm, T., eds., 1991. The Innovative Enterprise. Prodeko Publications, Espoo, Finland.

Other refereed conferences

  1. Nwana, H., Rosenschein, J., Sandholm, T., Sierra, C., Maes, P., Guttman, R. 1998. Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce: Issues, Challenges and Some Viewpoints. Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), pp. 189-196. Minneapolis, MN.

  2. Sandholm, T. 1998. Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions. First International Conference on Information and Computation Economies (ICE), Charleston, SC. Abstract for invited talk.

  3. Sandholm, T. 1998. Agents in Electronic Commerce: Component Technologies for Automated Negotiation and Coalition Formation. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Multiagent Systems (ICMAS), pp. 10-11, Paris, France. Extended abstract of invited plenary talk.

  4. Sandholm, T. 1998. Coalition Formation under Costly Computation. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) International conference, College on Group Decision and Negotiation, Game Theory and Applications track, Montreal, Canada. Invited abstract.

  5. Sandholm, M., Sandholm. T., Brodley, C., and Vidovic, A. 1996. Linear and logistic regression, symbolic induction methods, and neural networks in morbidity diagnosis and mortality prediction in equine gastrointestinal colic: An extended abstract. The Second Annual SEPSIS / SIRS Conference: Reducing Mortality to Patients & Suppliers, Washington, D.C. Poster presentation.

  6. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1995. On Automated Contracting in Multi-enterprise Manufacturing. Proceedings of the "Improving Manufacturing Performance in a Distributed Enterprise: Advanced Systems and Tools" Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 33-42, July 13-14.

  7. Sandholm, T. 1992. Automatic Cooperation of Area-Distributed Dispatch Centers in Vehicle Routing. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Transportation Engineering, San Buenaventura, California, pp. 449-467.

  8. Sandholm, T. 1992. Automatic Cooperation of Factorially Distributed Dispatch Centers in Vehicle Routing. Abstract Collection of the Joint International Conference on Operational Research / Management Science (EURO / TIMS -92), Helsinki, Finland.

  9. Sandholm, T. 1992. A Bargaining Network for Intelligent Agents. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference (STeP-92), New Directions in Artificial Intelligence, Espoo, Finland. Vol. 3, pp. 173-181.

  10. Linnainmaa, S., Jokinen, O., Sandholm, T. and Vepsalainen, A. M. 1992. Advanced Computer Supported Vehicle Routing for Heavy Transports. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference (STeP-92), New Directions in Artificial Intelligence, Espoo, Finland. Vol. 3, pp. 163-172.

  11. Sandholm, T. 1991. A Strategy for Decreasing the Total Transportation Costs Among Area-Distributed Transportation Centers. Nordic Operations Analysis in Cooperation (NOAS-91): OR in Business, Turku, Finland. Publications of the Turku School of Economics and Business Administration.

Refereed workshop publications

  1. Sandholm, T. 1999. eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server. AAAI Workshop on AI in Electronic Commerce, Orlando, FL, July. AAAI Workshop Technical Report WS-99-01, pp. 46-55.

  2. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Auctions without Common Knowledge. IJCAI Workshop on Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce, Stockholm, Sweden, August, pp. 1-12.

  3. Sandholm, T. and Zhou, Y. 1999. Revenue Equivalence of Leveled Commitment Contracts. AAAI Workshop on Negotiation: Settling Conflicts and Identifying Opportunities, Orlando, FL, July. AAAI Workshop Technical Report WS-99-12, pp. 38-43.

  4. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Auctions without Common Knowledge. Extended abstract. AAAI Workshop on AI in Electronic Commerce, Orlando, FL, July. AAAI Workshop Technical Report WS-99-01, pp. 109-110.

  5. Huai, Q. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Mobile Agents in an Electronic Auction House. Mobile Agents in the Context of Competition and Cooperation (MAC3) Workshop at the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), pp. 24-33, Seattle, WA, May 1.

  6. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Contracting with Uncertain Level of Trust. Deception, Fraud and Trust in Agent Societies Workshop at the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), pp. 29-40, Seattle, WA, May 1.

  7. Sandholm, T. 1999. Leveled Commitment Contracts: New Results. Workshop on Agents for Electronic Commerce and Managing the Internet-Enabled Supply Chain at the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), Seattle, Washington, May 1. 3-page extended abstract for invited talk.

  8. Sandholm, T. and Vulkan, N. 1999. Bargaining with Deadlines. Fifth European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, Workshop on Decision Theoretic and Game Theoretic Agents. University College London (UCL), London, England, July 5-6.

  9. Sandholm, T. 1998. Agents in Electronic Commerce: Component Technologies for Automated Negotiation and Coalition Formation. Agents, Alife and Computational Economics Workshop. Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol, UK, June 24-25. 23 pages.

  10. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Sequencing of Contract Types for Anytime Task Reallocation. Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), Workshop on Agent-Mediated Electronic Trading (AMET), Minneapolis, MN, May.

  11. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Leveled Commitment Contracts with Myopic and Strategic Agents. Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), Workshop on Agent Societies and Computational Markets (ASCMA), Minneapolis, MN, May.

  12. Sandholm, T. 1998. Agents in Electronic Commerce: Component Technologies for Automated Negotiation and Coalition Formation. Second International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents (CIA): Learning, Mobility and Electronic Commerce for Information Discovery in the Internet. Invited paper. Cite de Sciences - La Vilette, Paris, France, July 3-8. 22 pages.

  13. Sandholm, T. 1998. Contract Types for Satisficing Task Allocation: I Theoretical Results. AAAI 1998 Spring Symposium: Satisficing Models, Stanford University, California, March 23-25.

  14. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Contract Types for Satisficing Task Allocation: II Experimental Results. AAAI 1998 Spring Symposium: Satisficing Models, Stanford University, California, March 23-25.

  15. Tohme, F. and Sandholm, T. 1997. Coalition Formation Processes with Belief Revision among Bounded Rational Self-Interested Agents. Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97), Workshop on Social Interaction and Communityware, Nagoya, Japan, August 25.

  16. Sandholm. T., Brodley, C., Vidovic, A. and Sandholm, M. 1996. Comparison of Regression Methods, Symbolic Induction Methods and Neural Networks in Morbidity Diagnosis and Mortality Prediction in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic. Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium Series, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Applications of Current Technologies, pp. 154-159, Stanford University, CA.

  17. Sandholm, T. and Crites, R. 1995. On Multiagent Q-Learning in a Semi-competitive Domain. 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95), Workshop on Adaptation and Learning in Multiagent Systems, Montreal, Canada, pp. 71-77.

  18. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1994. An Exchange Protocol without Enforcement. 13th International Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI-94), Seattle, Washington, pp. 305-319.

  19. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1994. Utility-Based Termination of Anytime Algorithms. European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-94) Workshop on Decision Theory for DAI Applications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 88-99.

  20. Sandholm, T. 1994. Automatic Cooperation of Area-Distributed Dispatch Centers in Vehicle Routing. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Scientific Expert Group TT6 meeting on Advanced Logistics and Information Technology in Freight Transport, Washington, D.C.

  21. Sandholm, T. 1994. A New Order Parameter for 3SAT. Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94) Workshop on Experimental Evaluation of Reasoning and Search Methods, Seattle, Washington, pp. 57-63.

  22. Sandholm, T. 1993. An Implementation of the Contract Net Protocol Based on Marginal Cost Calculations. 12th International Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI-93), Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, pp. 295-308.

Technical Reports

  1. Sandholm, T. and Ygge, F. 1999. Constructing Speculative Demand Functions in Equilibrium Markets. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-26. October 14th.

  2. Sandholm, T. 1999. An Algorithm for Optimal Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-01. January 28th.

  3. Sandholm, T. 1999. eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-02. January 28th.

  4. Sandholm, T. and Zhou Y. 1999. Revenue Equivalence of Leveled Commitment Contracts. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-03. February 1st.

  5. Sandholm, T., Sikka, S. and Norden, S. 1999. Algorithms for Optimizing Leveled Commitment Contracts. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-04. February 1st.

  6. Brainov, S. and Sandholm, T. 1999. Auctions without Common Knowledge. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-05.

  7. Sandholm, T. and Vulkan, N. 1999. Bargaining with Deadlines. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-99-06. February 1st.

  8. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Leveled Commitment Contracts with Myopic and Strategic Agents. Washington University, Department of Computer Science.

  9. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1998. Sequencing of Contract Types for Anytime Task Reallocation. Washington University, Department of Computer Science.

  10. Sandholm, T. 1997. Contract Types for Optimal Task Allocation: I Theoretical Results. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-97-35.

  11. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1997. Contract Types for Optimal Task Allocation: II Experimental Results. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-97-36.

  12. Andersson, M. and Sandholm, T. 1997. Leveled Commitment Contracting among Myopic Individually Rational Agents. Washington University, Department of Computer Science, WUCS-97-47.

  13. Sandholm. T., Brodley, C., Vidovic, A. and Sandholm, M. 1996. Comparison of Regression Methods, Symbolic Induction Methods and Neural Networks in Morbidity Diagnosis and Mortality Prediction in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic. American Association for Artificial Intelligence Technical Report, accepted for publication (refereed), to appear.

  14. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1995. Advantages of a Leveled Commitment Contracting Protocol. Extended version. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Computer Science Technical Report TR 95-72.

  15. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1995. Coalition Formation among Bounded Rational Agents. Extended version. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Computer Science Technical Report TR 95-71.

  16. Berkman, N. and Sandholm, T. 1995. What should be minimized in a decision tree: A re-examination. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Computer Science Technical Report TR 95-20.

  17. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1994. Utility-Based Termination of Anytime Algorithms. Extended version. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Computer Science Technical Report TR 94-54.

  18. Sandholm, T. and Lesser, V. 1994. An Exchange Protocol without Enforcement. Extended version. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Computer Science Technical Report TR 94-44.

  19. Sandholm, T. 1991. Automatic Cooperation of Dispatch Centers in Vehicle Routing. Research Report No. J-9, Laboratory for Information Processing, Technical Research Centre of Finland.

Other Publications

  1. Sandholm, T. 1996. Negotiation among Self-Interested Computationally Limited Agents. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Computer Science. 297 pages.

  2. Sandholm, T. 1996. A Ph.D. Dissertation Proposal for the Study of Negotiation among Self-Interested Computationally Limited Agents. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Computer Science. 119 pages.

  3. Sandholm, T. 1994. A New Order Parameter for 3SAT / Utility-Based Termination of Anytime Algorithms. (2 separate papers). M.S. Thesis, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Computer Science Department.

  4. Sandholm, T. 1992. Introduction to the Logistics Workshop. Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference (STeP-92), New Directions in Artificial Intelligence, Espoo, Finland. Vol. 3, pp. 147-148.

  5. Sandholm, T. 1991. Automatic Cooperation of Dispatch Centers in Vehicle Routing. M.S. Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Industrial Engineering and Management Science, pp. 69+12.

Reviewed demonstration

  1. Sandholm, T. 1999. eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server. At the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Intelligent Systems Demonstration Program, Orlando, FL, July. AAAI proceedings pp. 923-924.