Consider the following class which you are not allowed to modify

public class Num {
   private int n;
   public Num(int n)            { setN(n);      }
   public void setN(int n)      { this.n = n;   }
   public int getN()            { return n;     }
}

   Num num1 = new Num(0);
   Num num2 = new Num(1);

1. Why does the following not execute atomically?

     num1.setN(num1.getN() + 1);
   

2. You cannot change the Num class. Write code to execute the above statement atomically.
3. You cannot change the Num class. Write code to swap the contents of num1 and num2 atomically. You must be holding a lock on both objects for this to work.
4. Under what situations is the constructor shown below race-free?

     public class GenID {
        private static int nextID = 0;
        private        int myID;
        public GenID() {
           myID = nextID;
           nextID = nextID + 1;
        }
        public void getID() { return myID; }
     }
   

5. Show how to modify the constructor so that it is always race-free. Note that you cannot put the "synchronized" attribute on a constructor.