Tutorial M1. Monday, May 21, 2001, 9:00 a.m. 12:45 p.m.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Law by Kevin D. Ashley and Carole D. Hafner

This tutorial surveys the principal methods for computationally modelling legal reasoning and decision making: direct representation of legal rules, rule-based expert systems, legal ontologies, conceptual retrieval, case-based and analogical models, hybrid systems, and learning from examples. The presenters demonstrate the practical and intellectual contributions each discipline makes to the other: AI changes the way we "do" law and jurisprudence which in turn provide AI with unique opportunities to study cognitive phenomena like argumentation, analogy, and open texture. The tutorial is aimed at anyone with a basic understanding of information processing systems who wants to learn about the techniques and accomplishments of the AI and Law field.

Kevin D. Ashley is a Professor of Law and Intelligent Systems and a Senior Scientist with the Learning Research and Development Center at the University of Pittsburgh. His work has contributed to artificial intelligence research on case- based and analogical reasoning, argumentation and explanation and the development of instructional and practice computer systems for professionals in case-based domains such as law and ethics. A former National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator, Professor Ashley has also been a Visiting Scientist at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York and an associate attorney at White & Case, a large Wall Street law firm. He is a co- editor of the Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Law, and the President of the International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law.

Carole D. Hafner is an Associate Professor and Director of Information Science Education in the College of Computer Science at Northeastern University. She holds a B.A. degree in economics and a Ph.D. in computer and communication sciences from the University of Michigan, and has been a Senior Research Scientist at General Motors Research Laboratories and a visiting Lecturer at Harvard Law School. Her research has focused on developing and evaluating software and knowledge architectures for natural language understanding and intelligent information retrieval. She was one of the first researchers to apply artificial intelligence to law, creating a conceptual information retrieval system for negotiable instruments law in the late 1970's. In 1987 she was the founder and conference chair of the first ICAIL. More recently, she and her late colleague, law professor Donald Berman, investigated the use of contextual knowledge to improve the effectiveness of case-based legal reasoners. She is the Secretary-Treasurer of the International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law.